Abstract
In this study, we tested for the temporal occurrence of photosynthetic acclimation to elevated [CO₂] in the flag leaf of two important cereal crops, rice and wheat. In order to characterize the temporal onset of acclimation and the basis for any observed decline in photosynthetic rate, we characterized net photosynthesis, g(s) , g(m) , C(i) /C(a) , C(i) /C(c) , V(cmax) , J(max) , cell wall thickness, content of Rubisco, cytochrome (Cyt) f, N, chlorophyll and carbohydrate, mRNA expression for rbcL and petA, activity for Rubisco, sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) and sucrose synthase (SS) at full flag expansion, mid-anthesis and the late grain-filling stage. No acclimation was observed for either crop at full flag leaf expansion. However, at the mid-anthesis stage, photosynthetic acclimation in rice was associated with RuBP carboxylation and regeneration limitations, while wheat only had the carboxylation limitation. By grain maturation, the decline of Rubisco content and activity had contributed to RuBP carboxylation limitation of photosynthesis in both crops at elevated [CO₂]; however, the sharp decrease of Rubisco enzyme activity played a more important role in wheat. Although an increase in non-structural carbohydrates did occur during these later stages, it was not consistently associated with changes in SPS and SS or photosynthetic acclimation. Rather, over time elevated [CO₂] appeared to enhance the rate of N degradation and senescence so that by late-grain fill, photosynthetic acclimation to elevated [CO₂] in the flag leaf of either species was complete. These data suggest that the basis for photosynthetic acclimation with elevated [CO₂] may be more closely associated with enhanced rates of senescence, and, as a consequence, may be temporally dynamic, with significant species variation.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
No photosynthetic acclimation to elevated CO2 was observed in rice or wheat at full flag leaf expansion.
- Taxon
- rice and wheat
Oryza sativa
Triticum aestivume0 - Organ / stage
- flag leafe1
- Treatment
- elevated [CO₂]e0
- Outcome
- acclimatione1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we tested for the temporal occurrence of photosynthetic acclimation to elevated [CO₂] in the flag leaf of two important cereal crops, rice and wheat”
e1“No acclimation was observed for either crop at full flag leaf expansion”
Claim · model-written summary
In rice at mid-anthesis, photosynthetic acclimation was associated with RuBP carboxylation and regeneration limitations.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae2
- Organ / stage
- mid-anthesis stagee2
- Outcome
- photosynthetic acclimatione2
- Qualifier
- RuBP carboxylation and regeneration limitationse2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“However, at the mid-anthesis stage, photosynthetic acclimation in rice was associated with RuBP carboxylation and regeneration limitations, while wheat only had the carboxylation limitation”
Claim · model-written summary
In wheat at mid-anthesis, photosynthetic acclimation was associated only with a carboxylation limitation.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Organ / stage
- mid-anthesis stagee2
- Outcome
- photosynthetic acclimatione2
- Qualifier
- carboxylation limitatione2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“However, at the mid-anthesis stage, photosynthetic acclimation in rice was associated with RuBP carboxylation and regeneration limitations, while wheat only had the carboxylation limitation”
Claim · model-written summary
By grain maturation, decline of Rubisco content and activity contributed to RuBP carboxylation limitation of photosynthesis in both crops at elevated CO2.
- Taxon
- rice and wheatOryza sativaTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- elevated [CO₂]e3
- Gene
- Rubiscoe3
- Outcome
- RuBP carboxylation limitation of photosynthesise3
- Qualifier
- decline of Rubisco content and activitye3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“By grain maturation, the decline of Rubisco content and activity had contributed to RuBP carboxylation limitation of photosynthesis in both crops at elevated [CO₂]; however, the sharp decrease of Rubisco enzyme activity played a more important role in wheat”
e0“we tested for the temporal occurrence of photosynthetic acclimation to elevated [CO₂] in the flag leaf of two important cereal crops, rice and wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The sharp decrease in Rubisco enzyme activity played a more important role than in rice in wheat at late grain fill.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume3
- Gene
- Rubiscoe3
- Outcome
- Rubisco enzyme activitye3
- Direction
- sharp decreasee3
- Qualifier
- played a more important rolee3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“By grain maturation, the decline of Rubisco content and activity had contributed to RuBP carboxylation limitation of photosynthesis in both crops at elevated [CO₂]; however, the sharp decrease of Rubisco enzyme activity played a more important role in wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Non-structural carbohydrates increased during the later stages of grain fill.
- Taxon
- rice and wheatOryza sativaTriticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- later stagese4
- Outcome
- non-structural carbohydratese4
- Direction
- increasee4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Although an increase in non-structural carbohydrates did occur during these later stages, it was not consistently associated with changes in SPS and SS or photosynthetic acclimation”
e0“we tested for the temporal occurrence of photosynthetic acclimation to elevated [CO₂] in the flag leaf of two important cereal crops, rice and wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Non-structural carbohydrate increase was not consistently associated with photosynthetic acclimation or with changes in SPS and SS.
- Taxon
- rice and wheatOryza sativaTriticum aestivume0
- Gene
- SPS and SSe4
- Outcome
- photosynthetic acclimatione4
- Qualifier
- not consistently associatede4
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Although an increase in non-structural carbohydrates did occur during these later stages, it was not consistently associated with changes in SPS and SS or photosynthetic acclimation”
e0“we tested for the temporal occurrence of photosynthetic acclimation to elevated [CO₂] in the flag leaf of two important cereal crops, rice and wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 appeared to enhance the rate of N degradation and senescence over time.
- Taxon
- rice and wheatOryza sativaTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- elevated [CO₂]e5
- Outcome
- rate of N degradation and senescencee5
- Direction
- enhancee5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Rather, over time elevated [CO₂] appeared to enhance the rate of N degradation and senescence so that by late-grain fill, photosynthetic acclimation to elevated [CO₂] in the flag leaf of either species was complete”
e0“we tested for the temporal occurrence of photosynthetic acclimation to elevated [CO₂] in the flag leaf of two important cereal crops, rice and wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Photosynthetic acclimation to elevated CO2 in the flag leaf of either species was complete by late grain fill.
- Taxon
- rice and wheatOryza sativaTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic acclimation to elevated [CO₂] in the flag leaf of either species was completee5
- Qualifier
- by late-grain fille5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Rather, over time elevated [CO₂] appeared to enhance the rate of N degradation and senescence so that by late-grain fill, photosynthetic acclimation to elevated [CO₂] in the flag leaf of either species was complete”
e0“we tested for the temporal occurrence of photosynthetic acclimation to elevated [CO₂] in the flag leaf of two important cereal crops, rice and wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Photosynthetic acclimation may be more closely associated with enhanced rates of senescence than with other factors.
- Taxon
- rice and wheatOryza sativaTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic acclimatione6
- Qualifier
- enhanced rates of senescencee6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“These data suggest that the basis for photosynthetic acclimation with elevated [CO₂] may be more closely associated with enhanced rates of senescence, and, as a consequence, may be temporally dynamic, with significant species variation”
e0“we tested for the temporal occurrence of photosynthetic acclimation to elevated [CO₂] in the flag leaf of two important cereal crops, rice and wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Photosynthetic acclimation may be temporally dynamic, with significant species variation.
- Taxon
- rice and wheatOryza sativaTriticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- flag leafe0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic acclimatione6
- Qualifier
- with significant species variatione6
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“These data suggest that the basis for photosynthetic acclimation with elevated [CO₂] may be more closely associated with enhanced rates of senescence, and, as a consequence, may be temporally dynamic, with significant species variation”
e0“we tested for the temporal occurrence of photosynthetic acclimation to elevated [CO₂] in the flag leaf of two important cereal crops, rice and wheat”
The same questions in other papers
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See all 7 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.