Abstract
A field trial was conducted near Kelowna, British Columbia, to determine the effect of biological treatments alone and in combination with formalin fumigation in apple replant disease soil. The response was measured by the increase in cross-sectional trunk area, total shoot growth, and fruit yield of McIntosh apple trees on M.26 rootstock. The postplanting drench application of strain EBW-4 of Bacillus subtilis alone was consistently effective in increasing cross-sectional trunk area for 5 years, total shoot growth for 4 years, and fruit yield for 3 years. The biological agent EBW-4 of B. subtilis in combination with formalin fumigation was also effective in promoting total shoot growth and cross-sectional trunk area. The application of formalin fumigation alone was effective in increasing shoot growth for 2 years and cross-sectional trunk area for 1 year only. This treatment did not increase fruit yield for 3 years. The consistent performance of strain EBW-4 of B. subtilis during 1986-1991 indicates that this bacterium has the potential for biological control of replant disease under orchard conditions in the Okanagan Valley of British Columbia.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
EBW-4 drench increased trunk area for five years.
- Taxon
- apple trees
Malus domesticae7 - Treatment
- postplanting drench application of strain EBW-4 of Bacillus subtilis alonee0
- Interactor
- Bacillus subtilis
Bacillus subtilise0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- cross-sectional trunk areae0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Qualifier
- for 5 yearse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The postplanting drench application of strain EBW-4 of Bacillus subtilis alone was consistently effective in increasing cross-sectional trunk area for 5 years”
e7“McIntosh apple trees on M.26 rootstock”
Claim · model-written summary
EBW-4 drench increased shoot growth for four years.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticae7
- Treatment
- postplanting drench application of strain EBW-4 of Bacillus subtilis alonee0
- Interactor
- Bacillus subtilisBacillus subtilise0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- total shoot growthe0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Qualifier
- for 4 yearse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The postplanting drench application of strain EBW-4 of Bacillus subtilis alone was consistently effective in increasing cross-sectional trunk area for 5 years, total shoot growth for 4 years”
e7“McIntosh apple trees on M.26 rootstock”
Claim · model-written summary
EBW-4 drench increased fruit yield for three years.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticae7
- Treatment
- postplanting drench application of strain EBW-4 of Bacillus subtilis alonee0
- Interactor
- Bacillus subtilisBacillus subtilise0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- fruit yielde0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Qualifier
- for 3 yearse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The postplanting drench application of strain EBW-4 of Bacillus subtilis alone was consistently effective in increasing cross-sectional trunk area for 5 years, total shoot growth for 4 years, and fruit yield for 3 years.”
e7“McIntosh apple trees on M.26 rootstock”
Claim · model-written summary
EBW-4 combined with formalin promoted total shoot growth and trunk area.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticae7
- Treatment
- EBW-4 of B. subtilis in combination with formalin fumigatione0
- Interactor
- B. subtilisBacillus subtilise0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- total shoot growth and cross-sectional trunk areae0
- Direction
- promotinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The biological agent EBW-4 of B. subtilis in combination with formalin fumigation was also effective in promoting total shoot growth and cross-sectional trunk area.”
e7“McIntosh apple trees on M.26 rootstock”
Claim · model-written summary
Formalin alone increased shoot growth for two years.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticae7
- Treatment
- formalin fumigation alonee0
- Outcome
- shoot growthe0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Qualifier
- for 2 yearse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of formalin fumigation alone was effective in increasing shoot growth for 2 years and cross-sectional trunk area for 1 year only.”
e7“McIntosh apple trees on M.26 rootstock”
Claim · model-written summary
Formalin alone increased trunk area for one year.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticae7
- Treatment
- formalin fumigation alonee0
- Outcome
- cross-sectional trunk areae0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Qualifier
- for 1 year onlye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of formalin fumigation alone was effective in increasing shoot growth for 2 years and cross-sectional trunk area for 1 year only.”
e7“McIntosh apple trees on M.26 rootstock”
Claim · model-written summary
Formalin alone did not increase fruit yield over three years.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticae7
- Treatment
- formalin fumigation alonee1
- Outcome
- fruit yielde0
- Direction
- did not increasee0
- Qualifier
- for 3 yearse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This treatment did not increase fruit yield for 3 years.”
e7“McIntosh apple trees on M.26 rootstock”
e1“formalin fumigation alone”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors identify EBW-4 as having potential for biological control of replant disease in orchards.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticae7
- Interactor
- Bacillus subtilisBacillus subtilise1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- potential for biological control of replant diseasee0
- Setting
- Okanagan Valley of British Columbiae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“this bacterium has the potential for biological control of replant disease under orchard conditions in the Okanagan Valley of British Columbia.”
e7“McIntosh apple trees on M.26 rootstock”
e1“Bacillus subtilis”
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