Abstract
Abstract Zinc (Zn) nutrition and plant genotype are two factors that may affect the tolerance of wheat to root-rot diseases. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of Zn on shoot yield, root permeability and infection by Fusarium solani in six wheat genotypes with different Zn efficiency. A greenhouse (solution culture) experiment was carried out in which five bread wheat genotypes (Triticum aestivum L. cvs Rushan, Kavir, Cross, Pishtaz and Falat) and one durum wheat genotype (Triticum durum L. cv. Yav79), which are common in Zn-deficient soils of Iran and were exposed to two levels of Zn (0 and 1 μmol L–1 Zn kg−1, as ZnSO4.7H2O) and two F. solani infection levels (0 and 106 spore mL−1). Zinc deficiency significantly decreased shoot dry matter in five of the genotypes (Yav79, Kavir, Rushan, Cross and Falat), but had no effect on shoot growth in Pishtaz. Infection with F. solani significantly decreased the shoot dry matter in Yav79, but did not affect the shoot dry weight of the other wheat genotypes. Root membrane permeability was lower in the Zn treatments than in the Zn-free treatments. Zinc deficiency caused a decrease in root reactive sulfhydryl (SH) groups, particularly in the Cross genotype. Root sulfhydryl groups decreased with Fusarium infection. Zinc application sharply increased the Zn content and decreased the Mn content of the shoots. Application of Zn had a positive effect on the tolerance of wheat to F. solani root rot. The relationship between Zn nutrition and disease tolerance suggests that Zn deficiency should be treated before evaluating the cost-effectiveness of fungicides. No correlation was found between the Zn efficiency of the wheat genotypes and Fusarium root-rot disease severity in this solution culture experiment.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc deficiency significantly decreased shoot dry matter in five named wheat genotypes.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Material
- Yav79, Kavir, Rushan, Cross and Falate0
- Treatment
- Zinc deficiencye0
- Outcome
- shoot dry mattere0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Zinc deficiency significantly decreased shoot dry matter in five of the genotypes (Yav79, Kavir, Rushan, Cross and Falat)”
t0“wheat genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc deficiency had no effect on shoot growth in Pishtaz.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Pishtaze0
- Treatment
- Zinc deficiencye1
- Outcome
- shoot growthe0
- Direction
- no effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but had no effect on shoot growth in Pishtaz”
t0“wheat genotypes”
e1“Zinc deficiency significantly decreased shoot dry matter”
Claim · model-written summary
F. solani infection significantly decreased shoot dry matter in Yav79.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Yav79e0
- Treatment
- Infection with F. solanie0
- Interactor
- F. solani
_Sacc._5393379.jpg?width=60)
Fusarium solanie0pathogen - Outcome
- shoot dry mattere0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Sacc._5393379.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Infection with F. solani significantly decreased the shoot dry matter in Yav79”
t0“wheat genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
F. solani infection did not affect shoot dry weight in other wheat genotypes.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Infection with F. solanie1
- Interactor
- F. solaniFusarium solanie1pathogen
- Outcome
- shoot dry weighte0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but did not affect the shoot dry weight of the other wheat genotypes”
e1“Infection with F. solani significantly decreased the shoot dry matter in Yav79”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc treatment lowered root membrane permeability relative to zinc-free treatment.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Zn treatmentse0
- Outcome
- Root membrane permeabilitye0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- Zn-free treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Root membrane permeability was lower in the Zn treatments than in the Zn-free treatments”
t0“wheat genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc deficiency decreased root reactive sulfhydryl groups, especially in Cross.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Crosse0
- Treatment
- Zinc deficiencye0
- Outcome
- root reactive sulfhydryl (SH) groupse0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Zinc deficiency caused a decrease in root reactive sulfhydryl (SH) groups, particularly in the Cross genotype”
t0“wheat genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
Fusarium infection decreased root sulfhydryl groups.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Fusarium infectione0
- Outcome
- Root sulfhydryl groupse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
FusariumNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Root sulfhydryl groups decreased with Fusarium infection”
t0“wheat genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc application sharply increased shoot zinc content.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Zinc applicatione0
- Outcome
- Zn contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Zinc application sharply increased the Zn content and decreased the Mn content of the shoots”
t0“wheat genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc application decreased shoot manganese content.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Zinc applicatione0
- Outcome
- Mn content of the shootse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Zinc application sharply increased the Zn content and decreased the Mn content of the shoots”
t0“wheat genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc application improved wheat tolerance to F. solani root rot.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Application of Zne0
- Interactor
- F. solaniFusarium solanie0pathogen
- Outcome
- tolerance of wheat to F. solani root rote0
- Direction
- positive effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of Zn had a positive effect on the tolerance of wheat to F. solani root rot”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend treating zinc deficiency before assessing fungicide cost-effectiveness.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- Zn deficiency should be treated before evaluating the cost-effectiveness of fungicidese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Zn deficiency should be treated before evaluating the cost-effectiveness of fungicides”
t0“wheat genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc efficiency was uncorrelated with Fusarium root-rot disease severity.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- wheat genotypese0
- Outcome
- Fusarium root-rot disease severitye0
- Direction
- No correlatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No correlation was found between the Zn efficiency of the wheat genotypes and Fusarium root-rot disease severity”
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