Abstract
We hypothesized that interactions between fusarium head blight-causing pathogens and herbivores are likely to occur because they share wheat as a host plant. Our aim was to investigate the interactions between the grain aphid, Sitobion avenae, and Fusarium graminearum on wheat ears and the role that host volatile chemicals play in mediating interactions. Wheat ears were treated with aphids and F. graminearum inoculum, together or separately, and disease progress was monitored by visual assessment and by quantification of pathogen DNA and mycotoxins. Plants exposed to both aphids and F. graminearum inoculum showed accelerated disease progression, with a 2-fold increase in disease severity and 5-fold increase in mycotoxin accumulation over those of plants treated only with F. graminearum. Furthermore, the longer the period of aphid colonization of the host prior to inoculation with F. graminearum, the greater the amount of pathogen DNA that accumulated. Headspace samples of plant volatiles were collected for use in aphid olfactometer assays and were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and GC-coupled electroantennography. Disease-induced plant volatiles were repellent to aphids, and 2-pentadecanone was the key semiochemical underpinning the repellent effect. We measured aphid survival and fecundity on infected wheat ears and found that both were markedly reduced on infected ears. Thus, interactions between F. graminearum and grain aphids on wheat ears benefit the pathogen at the expense of the pest. Our findings have important consequences for disease epidemiology, because we show increased spread and development of host disease, together with greater disease severity and greater accumulation of pathogen DNA and mycotoxin, when aphids are present.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Combined aphid and Fusarium exposure doubled disease severity.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume1 - Treatment
- both aphids and F. graminearum inoculume0
- Interactor
- Fusarium graminearum
_on_Corn_(Zea_mays)_at_Waimea%2C_Hawaii.jpg?width=60)
Fusarium graminearume2pathogen - Second interactor
- Sitobion avenae
Sitobion avenaee2pest - Outcome
- disease severitye0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 2-folde0
- Comparator
- plants treated only with F. graminearume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_on_Corn_(Zea_mays)_at_Waimea%2C_Hawaii.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Plants exposed to both aphids and F. graminearum inoculum showed accelerated disease progression, with a 2-fold increase in disease severity and 5-fold increase in mycotoxin accumulation over those of plants treated only with F. graminearum”
e1“Fusarium graminearum on wheat ears”
e2“Sitobion avenae, and Fusarium graminearum”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined aphid and Fusarium exposure increased mycotoxin accumulation fivefold.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- both aphids and F. graminearum inoculume0
- Interactor
- Fusarium graminearumFusarium graminearume2pathogen
- Second interactor
- Sitobion avenaeSitobion avenaee2pest
- Outcome
- mycotoxin accumulatione0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 5-folde0
- Comparator
- plants treated only with F. graminearume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plants exposed to both aphids and F. graminearum inoculum showed accelerated disease progression, with a 2-fold increase in disease severity and 5-fold increase in mycotoxin accumulation over those of plants treated only with F. graminearum”
e1“Fusarium graminearum on wheat ears”
e2“Sitobion avenae, and Fusarium graminearum”
Claim · model-written summary
A longer aphid colonization period increased accumulated pathogen DNA.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- period of aphid colonizatione0
- Interactor
- Fusarium graminearumFusarium graminearume2pathogen
- Second interactor
- Sitobion avenaeSitobion avenaee2pest
- Outcome
- pathogen DNA that accumulatede0
- Direction
- greatere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the longer the period of aphid colonization of the host prior to inoculation with F. graminearum, the greater the amount of pathogen DNA that accumulated”
e1“Fusarium graminearum on wheat ears”
e2“Sitobion avenae, and Fusarium graminearum”
Claim · model-written summary
Disease-induced wheat volatiles repelled aphids.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Interactor
- Sitobion avenaeSitobion avenaee2pest
- Outcome
- repellent to aphidse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Disease-induced plant volatiles were repellent to aphids”
e1“Fusarium graminearum on wheat ears”
e2“grain aphid, Sitobion avenae”
Claim · model-written summary
2-pentadecanone was identified as the key semiochemical for aphid repellence.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Interactor
- Sitobion avenaeSitobion avenaee2pest
- Compound
- 2-pentadecanonee0
- Outcome
- repellent effecte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“2-pentadecanone was the key semiochemical underpinning the repellent effect”
e1“Fusarium graminearum on wheat ears”
e2“grain aphid, Sitobion avenae”
Claim · model-written summary
Aphid survival was reduced on infected wheat ears.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- infected wheat earse0
- Interactor
- Sitobion avenaeSitobion avenaee1pest
- Second interactor
- Fusarium graminearumFusarium graminearume2pathogen
- Outcome
- aphid survivale0
- Direction
- markedly reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We measured aphid survival and fecundity on infected wheat ears and found that both were markedly reduced on infected ears”
e1“grain aphid, Sitobion avenae”
e2“Fusarium graminearum”
Claim · model-written summary
Aphid fecundity was reduced on infected wheat ears.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- infected wheat earse0
- Interactor
- Sitobion avenaeSitobion avenaee1pest
- Second interactor
- Fusarium graminearumFusarium graminearume2pathogen
- Outcome
- fecunditye0
- Direction
- markedly reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We measured aphid survival and fecundity on infected wheat ears and found that both were markedly reduced on infected ears”
e1“grain aphid, Sitobion avenae”
e2“Fusarium graminearum”
The same questions in other papers
Fusarium graminearum · disease · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
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- positive
- negative
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See all 7 papers →infection · Sitobion avenae · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- no effect
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See all 7 papers →inoculation · disease · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
59 papers in the same direction as this paper · 104 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
160 papers more in this group
See all 164 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.