Abstract
Laccase 1 (Lac1), a polyphenol oxidase, has been proposed to be involved in insect iron metabolism and immunity responses. However, little information is available on the roles of Lac 1 in insect-plant interactions. The grain aphid Sitobion avenae is one of the most destructive pests of cereal, directly drawing phloem sap and transmitting viruses. In the present study, we first cloned the open reading frame (ORF) of Lac 1 from S. avenae, and the putative protein sequence was predicted to have a carboxyl-terminal transmembrane domain. We found that SaLac1 had higher expression levels in the fourth and adult stages using reverse transcription real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). SaLac 1 was highly expressed in the salivary gland and midgut and also in wingless compared with winged morphs. After feeding on aphid-resistant wheat with a high total phenol content, the expression level of SaLac 1 increased significantly. RNA interference (RNAi) by oral feeding successfully inhibited the transcript levels of SaLac 1, and the knockdown of Lac 1 significantly decreased the survival rate of S. avenae on aphid-resistant wheat. Our study demonstrated that S. avenae Lac1 was involved in the detoxification of phenolic compounds in wheat and was essential for the aphid to adapt to resistant plants.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Aphid Lac1 was cloned and predicted to have a transmembrane domain.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt1 - Interactor
- S. avenae
Sitobion avenaee0pest - Gene
- Lac 1e0
- Outcome
- carboxyl-terminal transmembrane domaine0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we first cloned the open reading frame (ORF) of Lac 1 from S. avenae, and the putative protein sequence was predicted to have a carboxyl-terminal transmembrane domain”
t0“The grain aphid Sitobion avenae”
t1“aphid-resistant wheat with a high total phenol content”
Claim · model-written summary
Aphid SaLac1 expression was higher in fourth and adult stages.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt1
- Organ / stage
- fourth and adult stagese0
- Interactor
- Sitobion avenaeSitobion avenaet0pest
- Gene
- SaLac1e0
- Outcome
- expression levelse0
- Direction
- highere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SaLac1 had higher expression levels in the fourth and adult stages”
t0“Sitobion avenae”
t1“aphid-resistant wheat with a high total phenol content”
Claim · model-written summary
Aphid SaLac 1 was highly expressed in salivary gland and midgut.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt1
- Organ / stage
- salivary gland and midgute0
- Interactor
- Sitobion avenaeSitobion avenaet0pest
- Gene
- SaLac 1e0
- Outcome
- highly expressede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SaLac 1 was highly expressed in the salivary gland and midgut”
t0“Sitobion avenae”
t1“aphid-resistant wheat with a high total phenol content”
Claim · model-written summary
Aphid SaLac 1 expression was higher in wingless than winged morphs.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt1
- Material
- winglesse0
- Interactor
- Sitobion avenaeSitobion avenaet0pest
- Gene
- SaLac 1e0
- Outcome
- highly expressede0
- Comparator
- winged morphse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SaLac 1 was highly expressed in the salivary gland and midgut and also in wingless compared with winged morphs”
t0“Sitobion avenae”
t1“aphid-resistant wheat with a high total phenol content”
Claim · model-written summary
Feeding on resistant wheat significantly increased aphid SaLac 1 expression.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- aphid-resistant wheate0
- Treatment
- feeding on aphid-resistant wheate0
- Interactor
- Sitobion avenaeSitobion avenaet0pest
- Gene
- SaLac 1e0
- Outcome
- expression level of SaLac 1e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After feeding on aphid-resistant wheat with a high total phenol content, the expression level of SaLac 1 increased significantly”
t0“Sitobion avenae”
t1“aphid-resistant wheat with a high total phenol content”
Claim · model-written summary
Oral RNAi reduced aphid SaLac 1 transcript levels.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt1
- Treatment
- RNA interference (RNAi) by oral feedinge0
- Interactor
- Sitobion avenaeSitobion avenaet0pest
- Gene
- SaLac 1e0
- Outcome
- transcript levels of SaLac 1e0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“RNA interference (RNAi) by oral feeding successfully inhibited the transcript levels of SaLac 1”
t0“Sitobion avenae”
t1“aphid-resistant wheat with a high total phenol content”
Claim · model-written summary
Aphid Lac 1 knockdown significantly decreased aphid survival on resistant wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- knockdown of Lac 1e0
- Interactor
- S. avenaeSitobion avenaee0pest
- Gene
- Lac 1e0
- Outcome
- survival rate of S. avenaee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the knockdown of Lac 1 significantly decreased the survival rate of S. avenae on aphid-resistant wheat”
The same questions in other papers
infection · Sitobion avenae · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.