Abstract
Pathogenicity of Pseudomonas syringae is dependent on a type III secretion system, which secretes a suite of virulence effector proteins into the host cytoplasm, and the production of a number of toxins such as coronatine (COR), which is a mimic of the plant hormone jasmonate-isoleuce (JA-Ile). Inside the plant cell, effectors target host molecules to subvert the host cell physiology and disrupt defenses. However, despite the fact that elucidating effector action is essential to understanding bacterial pathogenesis, the molecular function and host targets of the vast majority of effectors remain largely unknown. Here, we found that effector HopX1 from Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci (Pta) 11528, a strain that does not produce COR, interacts with and promotes the degradation of JAZ proteins, a key family of JA-repressors. We show that hopX1 encodes a cysteine protease, activity that is required for degradation of JAZs by HopX1. HopX1 associates with JAZ proteins through its central ZIM domain and degradation occurs in a COI1-independent manner. Moreover, ectopic expression of HopX1 in Arabidopsis induces the expression of JA-dependent genes, represses salicylic acid (SA)-induced markers, and complements the growth of a COR-deficient P. syringae pv. tomato (Pto) DC3000 strain during natural bacterial infections. Furthermore, HopX1 promoted susceptibility when delivered by the natural type III secretion system, to a similar extent as the addition of COR, and this effect was dependent on its catalytic activity. Altogether, our results indicate that JAZ proteins are direct targets of bacterial effectors to promote activation of JA-induced defenses and susceptibility in Arabidopsis. HopX1 illustrates a paradigm of an alternative evolutionary solution to COR with similar physiological outcome.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
HopX1 interacts with JAZ proteins and promotes their degradation.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsist0 - Interactor
- Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci (Pta) 11528Pseudomonas amygdali pv. tabacie0pathogen
- Gene
- JAZ proteinse0
- Outcome
- interacts with and promotes the degradation of JAZ proteinse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e0“effector HopX1 from Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci (Pta) 11528, a strain that does not produce COR, interacts with and promotes the degradation of JAZ proteins”
Claim · model-written summary
hopX1 encodes a cysteine protease required for JAZ degradation.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- hopX1e0
- Outcome
- degradation of JAZse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e0“hopX1 encodes a cysteine protease, activity that is required for degradation of JAZs by HopX1”
Claim · model-written summary
HopX1 associates with JAZ proteins through the ZIM domain.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- JAZ proteinse0
- Outcome
- associates with JAZ proteinse0
- Qualifier
- central ZIM domaine0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e0“HopX1 associates with JAZ proteins through its central ZIM domain”
Claim · model-written summary
HopX1-mediated JAZ degradation occurs independently of COI1.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- COI1e0
- Outcome
- degradatione0
- Qualifier
- COI1-independent mannere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e0“degradation occurs in a COI1-independent manner”
Claim · model-written summary
Ectopic HopX1 expression induces JA-dependent genes in Arabidopsis.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- ectopic expression of HopX1e0
- Outcome
- expression of JA-dependent genese0
- Direction
- inducese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e0“ectopic expression of HopX1 in Arabidopsis induces the expression of JA-dependent genes”
Claim · model-written summary
Ectopic HopX1 expression represses salicylic acid-induced markers.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- ectopic expression of HopX1e0
- Outcome
- salicylic acid (SA)-induced markerse0
- Direction
- repressese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e0“ectopic expression of HopX1 in Arabidopsis induces the expression of JA-dependent genes, represses salicylic acid (SA)-induced markers”
Claim · model-written summary
Ectopic HopX1 expression complements growth of a coronatine-deficient P. syringae strain during natural infection.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- ectopic expression of HopX1e0
- Interactor
- P. syringae pv. tomato (Pto) DC3000
Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomatoe0pathogen - Outcome
- growth of a COR-deficient P. syringae pv. tomato (Pto) DC3000 straine0
- Direction
- complementse0
- Comparator
- COR-deficient P. syringae pv. tomato (Pto) DC3000 straine0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e0“ectopic expression of HopX1 in Arabidopsis induces the expression of JA-dependent genes, represses salicylic acid (SA)-induced markers, and complements the growth of a COR-deficient P. syringae pv. tomato (Pto) DC3000 strain during natural bacterial infections”
Claim · model-written summary
HopX1 delivered by the type III system promoted Arabidopsis susceptibility similarly to added COR, conditional on catalytic activity.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- HopX1e0
- Outcome
- susceptibilitye0
- Direction
- promotede0
- Qualifier
- dependent on its catalytic activitye0
- Comparator
- addition of CORe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e0“HopX1 promoted susceptibility when delivered by the natural type III secretion system, to a similar extent as the addition of COR, and this effect was dependent on its catalytic activity”
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