Abstract
Pathogen infection of angiosperms must rely on some interaction between the extracellular matrix (ECM) and the invading agent, and may be accompanied by signaling between the ECM and cytoplasm. An Arabidopsis cell wall associated receptor kinase (Wak1) has an amino-terminal domain that is tightly associated with the ECM, spans the plasma membrane and has a cytoplasmic protein kinase domain. Wak1 expression is induced when Arabidopsis plants are infected with pathogen, or when the pathogen response is stimulated either by exogenous salicylate (SA) or its analog 2,2-dichloroisonicotinic acid (INA). This Wak1 induction requires the positive regulator NPR1/NIM1. Thus Wak1 is a pathogen-related (PR) protein. Expression of an antisense and a dominant negative allele of Wak1 shows that induced expression of Wak1 is needed for a plant to survive if stimulated by INA. Ectopic expression of the entire Wak1, or the kinase domain alone, can provide resistance to otherwise lethal SA levels. These experiments suggest that Wak1 expression and other PR proteins are protecting plants from detrimental effects incurred during the pathogen response. These results provide a direct link between a protein kinase that could mediate signals from the ECM, to the events that are precipitated by a pathogen infection.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Wak1 has extracellular matrix association, a transmembrane span, and a cytoplasmic kinase domain.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsise0 - Gene
- Wak1e0
- Outcome
- amino-terminal domain that is tightly associated with the ECM, spans the plasma membrane and has a cytoplasmic protein kinase domaine0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An Arabidopsis cell wall associated receptor kinase (Wak1) has an amino-terminal domain that is tightly associated with the ECM, spans the plasma membrane and has a cytoplasmic protein kinase domain.”
Claim · model-written summary
Pathogen infection induces Wak1 expression.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Gene
- Wak1e0
- Outcome
- Wak1 expressione0
- Direction
- inducede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wak1 expression is induced when Arabidopsis plants are infected with pathogen”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous salicylate induces Wak1 expression.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Treatment
- exogenous salicylate (SA)e0
- Gene
- Wak1e0
- Outcome
- Wak1 expressione0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wak1 expression is induced when Arabidopsis plants are infected with pathogen, or when the pathogen response is stimulated either by exogenous salicylate (SA) or its analog 2,2-dichloroisonicotinic acid (INA).”
Claim · model-written summary
INA stimulation induces Wak1 expression.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Treatment
- 2,2-dichloroisonicotinic acid (INA)e0
- Gene
- Wak1e0
- Outcome
- Wak1 expressione0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wak1 expression is induced when Arabidopsis plants are infected with pathogen, or when the pathogen response is stimulated either by exogenous salicylate (SA) or its analog 2,2-dichloroisonicotinic acid (INA).”
Claim · model-written summary
NPR1/NIM1 is required for Wak1 induction.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Gene
- NPR1/NIM1e0
- Outcome
- Wak1 inductione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This Wak1 induction requires the positive regulator NPR1/NIM1.”
e1“An Arabidopsis cell wall associated receptor kinase (Wak1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Induced Wak1 expression is required for survival after INA stimulation.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Treatment
- INAe0
- Gene
- Wak1e0
- Outcome
- survivee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Expression of an antisense and a dominant negative allele of Wak1 shows that induced expression of Wak1 is needed for a plant to survive if stimulated by INA.”
e1“An Arabidopsis cell wall associated receptor kinase (Wak1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Ectopic full length Wak1 expression confers resistance to otherwise lethal SA levels.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Treatment
- Ectopic expression of the entire Wak1e0
- Gene
- Wak1e0
- Outcome
- resistance to otherwise lethal SA levelse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ectopic expression of the entire Wak1, or the kinase domain alone, can provide resistance to otherwise lethal SA levels.”
e1“An Arabidopsis cell wall associated receptor kinase (Wak1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Ectopic Wak1 kinase-domain expression confers resistance to otherwise lethal SA levels.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Treatment
- kinase domain alonee0
- Gene
- Wak1e0
- Outcome
- resistance to otherwise lethal SA levelse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ectopic expression of the entire Wak1, or the kinase domain alone, can provide resistance to otherwise lethal SA levels.”
e1“An Arabidopsis cell wall associated receptor kinase (Wak1)”
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See all 12 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.