Abstract
Innate immunity is initiated in animals and plants through the recognition of a variety of pathogen-associated molecules that in animals are called pathogen-associated molecular patterns and in plants are called elicitors. Some plant pathogen-derived elicitors have been identified as peptides, but peptide elicitors derived from the plant itself that activate defensive genes against pathogens have not been previously identified. Here, we report the isolation and characterization of a 23-aa peptide from Arabidopsis, called AtPep1, which activates transcription of the defensive gene defensin (PDF1.2) and activates the synthesis of H(2)O(2), both being components of the innate immune response. The peptide is derived from a 92-aa precursor encoded within a small gene that is inducible by wounding, methyl jasmonate, and ethylene. Constitutive expression of the AtPep1 precursor gene PROPEP1 in transgenic Arabidopsis plants causes a constitutive transcription of PDF1.2. When grown in soil, the transgenic plants exhibited an increased root development compared with WT plants and an enhanced resistance toward the root pathogen Pythium irregulare. Six paralogs of PROPEP1 are present in Arabidopsis, and orthologs have been identified in species of several agriculturally important plant families, where they are of interest for their possible use in crop improvement.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
A 23-aa Arabidopsis peptide named AtPep1 was isolated and characterized.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsist0 - Gene
- AtPep1e0
- Outcome
- 23-aa peptidee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e0“isolation and characterization of a 23-aa peptide from Arabidopsis, called AtPep1”
Claim · model-written summary
AtPep1 activates PDF1.2 transcription.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- AtPep1e0
- Outcome
- transcription of the defensive gene defensin (PDF1.2)e0
- Direction
- activatese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e0“AtPep1, which activates transcription of the defensive gene defensin (PDF1.2)”
Claim · model-written summary
AtPep1 activates hydrogen peroxide synthesis.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- AtPep1e0
- Outcome
- synthesis of H(2)O(2)e0
- Direction
- activatese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e0“AtPep1, which activates transcription of the defensive gene defensin (PDF1.2) and activates the synthesis of H(2)O(2)”
Claim · model-written summary
The peptide derives from a 92-aa gene-encoded precursor.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- small genee0
- Outcome
- 92-aa precursore0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e0“The peptide is derived from a 92-aa precursor encoded within a small gene”
Claim · model-written summary
The precursor gene is inducible by wounding, methyl jasmonate and ethylene.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- wounding, methyl jasmonate, and ethylenee0
- Gene
- small genee0
- Outcome
- induciblee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e0“a small gene that is inducible by wounding, methyl jasmonate, and ethylene”
Claim · model-written summary
Constitutive PROPEP1 expression causes constitutive PDF1.2 transcription.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- Constitutive expression of the AtPep1 precursor gene PROPEP1e0
- Gene
- PROPEP1e0
- Outcome
- constitutive transcription of PDF1.2e0
- Direction
- constitutivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e0“Constitutive expression of the AtPep1 precursor gene PROPEP1 in transgenic Arabidopsis plants causes a constitutive transcription of PDF1.2.”
Claim · model-written summary
Transgenic plants showed increased root development versus WT in soil.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- transgenic plantse0
- Outcome
- root developmente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- WT plantse0
- Setting
- soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e0“When grown in soil, the transgenic plants exhibited an increased root development compared with WT plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Transgenic plants had enhanced resistance to Pythium irregulare.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- transgenic plantse0
- Interactor
- Pythium irregulareGlobisporangium irregularee0pathogen
- Outcome
- resistance toward the root pathogen Pythium irregularee0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Comparator
- WT plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e0“the transgenic plants exhibited an increased root development compared with WT plants and an enhanced resistance toward the root pathogen Pythium irregulare”
Claim · model-written summary
Six PROPEP1 paralogs are present in Arabidopsis.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- PROPEP1e0
- Outcome
- paralogse0
- Value
- Sixe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e0“Six paralogs of PROPEP1 are present in Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
PROPEP1 orthologs were found in several agricultural plant families.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Outcome
- orthologse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e0“orthologs have been identified in species of several agriculturally important plant families”
The same questions in other papers
overexpression · molecular: expression · ArabidopsisPositive and negative results
40 papers in the same direction as this paper · 14 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
51 papers more in this group
See all 55 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.