Abstract
Organic farming is rapidly expanding worldwide. Crop growth in organic systems greatly depends on the functions performed by soil microbes, and nutrient supply weed suppression by green manure crops input. Four red-pepper production systems were compared: 1) bare ground (conventional system); 2) hairy vetch monoculture; 3) rye monoculture; and 4) hairy vetch-rye mixture. Soil inorganic N reached the peak at 30 DAI and hairy vetch monoculture was the highest ($192mg\;kg^{-1}$) and soil total carbon was fluctuated sporadically during the experiment. Carbohydrate and phenolic compounds in soil kept significantly higher in green manure crops systems from 10 DBI to 30 DAI, however the level was the maximum at 10 DBI (carbohydrate) and 30 DAI (phenolic comounds). Incorporation of green manure crops residue enhanced soil microbial biomass C and N throughout the growing season except that MBN in rye was reduced after incorporation. Green manure crops systems suppressed weed occurrence and, in particular, it was prominent in rye monoculture. Mineral elements composition and production in red-pepper fruits were markedly decreased in green manure crops systems although hairy vetch monoculture has come close to bare ground (NPK-applied). Therefore, it was suggested that higher biomass production should be performed not only to improve soil quality and suppress weeds but to yield suitable red-pepper fruits in green manure crops-based organic farming.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Hairy vetch monoculture had the highest peak soil inorganic N at 30 DAI.
- Taxon
- red-pepper
Capsicum annuum var. annuumt0 - Treatment
- hairy vetch monoculturee0
- Outcome
- Soil inorganic Ne0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- $192mg\;kg^{-1}$e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soil inorganic N reached the peak at 30 DAI and hairy vetch monoculture was the highest ($192mg\;kg^{-1}$)”
t0“Red-pepper”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil total carbon fluctuated during the experiment.
- Taxon
- red-pepperCapsicum annuum var. annuumt0
- Outcome
- soil total carbone0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soil total carbon was fluctuated sporadically during the experiment”
t0“Red-pepper”
Claim · model-written summary
Green manure systems maintained significantly higher soil carbohydrates from 10 DBI to 30 DAI.
- Taxon
- red-pepperCapsicum annuum var. annuumt0
- Treatment
- green manure crops systemse0
- Outcome
- Carbohydratee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- from 10 DBI to 30 DAIe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Carbohydrate and phenolic compounds in soil kept significantly higher in green manure crops systems from 10 DBI to 30 DAI”
t0“Red-pepper”
Claim · model-written summary
Green manure systems maintained significantly higher soil phenolics from 10 DBI to 30 DAI.
- Taxon
- red-pepperCapsicum annuum var. annuumt0
- Treatment
- green manure crops systemse0
- Outcome
- phenolic compounds in soile0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Carbohydrate and phenolic compounds in soil kept significantly higher in green manure crops systems from 10 DBI to 30 DAI”
t0“Red-pepper”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil carbohydrate peaked at 10 DBI.
- Taxon
- red-pepperCapsicum annuum var. annuumt0
- Outcome
- carbohydratee0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Qualifier
- 10 DBIe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the level was the maximum at 10 DBI (carbohydrate)”
t0“Red-pepper”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil phenolics peaked at 30 DAI.
- Taxon
- red-pepperCapsicum annuum var. annuumt0
- Outcome
- phenolic comoundse0
- Qualifier
- 30 DAIe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“30 DAI (phenolic comounds)”
t0“Red-pepper”
Claim · model-written summary
Green manure residues increased soil microbial biomass carbon.
- Taxon
- red-pepperCapsicum annuum var. annuumt0
- Treatment
- Incorporation of green manure crops residuee0
- Outcome
- soil microbial biomass Ce0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Incorporation of green manure crops residue enhanced soil microbial biomass C and N throughout the growing season”
t0“Red-pepper”
Claim · model-written summary
Green manure residues increased soil microbial biomass nitrogen, except for rye after incorporation.
- Taxon
- red-pepperCapsicum annuum var. annuumt0
- Outcome
- soil microbial biomass C and Ne0
- Qualifier
- except that MBN in rye was reduced after incorporatione0
Not reportedTreatmentComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soil microbial biomass C and N throughout the growing season except that MBN in rye was reduced after incorporation”
t0“Red-pepper”
Claim · model-written summary
Rye incorporation reduced soil microbial biomass nitrogen.
- Taxon
- red-pepperCapsicum annuum var. annuumt0
- Treatment
- ryee0
- Outcome
- MBNe0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“MBN in rye was reduced after incorporation”
t0“Red-pepper”
Claim · model-written summary
Green manure systems suppressed weeds.
- Taxon
- red-pepperCapsicum annuum var. annuumt0
- Treatment
- Green manure crops systemse0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- weed occurrencee0
- Direction
- suppressede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Green manure crops systems suppressed weed occurrence”
t0“Red-pepper”
Claim · model-written summary
Rye monoculture had especially strong weed suppression.
- Taxon
- red-pepperCapsicum annuum var. annuumt0
- Treatment
- rye monoculturee0
- Outcome
- prominente0
- Direction
- prominente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it was prominent in rye monoculture”
t0“Red-pepper”
Claim · model-written summary
Green manure systems decreased mineral composition of red pepper fruits.
- Taxon
- red-pepperCapsicum annuum var. annuume0
- Treatment
- green manure crops systemse0
- Outcome
- Mineral elements compositione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mineral elements composition and production in red-pepper fruits were markedly decreased in green manure crops systems”
Claim · model-written summary
Green manure systems decreased red pepper fruit production.
- Taxon
- red-pepperCapsicum annuum var. annuume0
- Treatment
- green manure crops systemse0
- Outcome
- production in red-pepper fruitse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“production in red-pepper fruits were markedly decreased in green manure crops systems”
Claim · model-written summary
Hairy vetch fruit production approached bare ground with NPK.
- Taxon
- red-pepperCapsicum annuum var. annuumt0
- Treatment
- hairy vetch monoculturee0
- Outcome
- come close to bare grounde0
- Comparator
- bare grounde0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“hairy vetch monoculture has come close to bare ground (NPK-applied)”
t0“Red-pepper”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.