Abstract
A specific high temperature-induced deficiency of chloroplast ribosome formation, as indicated by the absence of chloroplast rRNA, has been observed in the leaves of light- or dark-grown seedlings of Avena sativa L., Hordeum vulgare L., and Triticum aestivum L. at certain temperatures between 28 and 34 C. While the growth of the leaves (size, morphology, total amino nitrogen content) was little affected by the elevated temperature, chlorophyll accumulation was strongly inhibited, amounting to only 2 to 20% of its content in 22 C-grown leaves which were used as a reference for normal development. The carotenoid contents were also lower but still reached at least 15 to 20% of the corresponding measurements at 22 C. Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase was absent at the higher temperature while NADP-glyceralde-hydephosphate dehydrogenase reached high activities. For the peroxisomal marker enzyme hydroxypyruvate reductase, 30 to 70% of the activity present in 22 C-grown leaves was found in extracts from high temperature-grown leaves. Fumarase reached 1.5- to 4-fold higher activities at the elevated growth temperature than at 22 C. Leaves of Pisum sativum L. were completely chlorotic and deficient of 70S ribosomes at 33 C but simultaneously suffered from a severe general inhibition of their growth. In Zea mays L., a formation of chlorotic leaves was not observed at elevated temperatures.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
High temperature (28-34 C) caused a deficiency of chloroplast ribosome formation, with absent chloroplast rRNA, in cereal leaves.
- Taxon
- Avena sativa L., Hordeum vulgare L., and Triticum aestivum L.
Avena sativa.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgare
Triticum aestivume1 - Organ / stage
- leavese1
- Treatment
- high temperaturee1
- Outcome
- absence of chloroplast rRNAe1
- Comparator
- 22 C-grown leavese2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e1“A specific high temperature-induced deficiency of chloroplast ribosome formation, as indicated by the absence of chloroplast rRNA, has been observed in the leaves of light- or dark-grown seedlings of Avena sativa L., Hordeum vulgare L., and Triticum aestivum L. at certain temperatures between 28 and 34 C”
e2“chlorophyll accumulation was strongly inhibited, amounting to only 2 to 20% of its content in 22 C-grown leaves which were used as a reference for normal development”
Claim · model-written summary
High temperature strongly inhibited chlorophyll accumulation in cereal leaves, to 2 to 20% of the 22 C level.
- Taxon
- Avena sativa L., Hordeum vulgare L., and Triticum aestivum L.Avena sativaHordeum vulgareTriticum aestivume1
- Organ / stage
- leavese1
- Treatment
- high temperaturee1
- Outcome
- chlorophyll accumulatione2
- Direction
- inhibitede2
- Value
- 2 to 20%e2
- Comparator
- 22 C-grown leavese2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“A specific high temperature-induced deficiency of chloroplast ribosome formation, as indicated by the absence of chloroplast rRNA, has been observed in the leaves of light- or dark-grown seedlings of Avena sativa L., Hordeum vulgare L., and Triticum aestivum L. at certain temperatures between 28 and 34 C”
e2“chlorophyll accumulation was strongly inhibited, amounting to only 2 to 20% of its content in 22 C-grown leaves which were used as a reference for normal development”
Claim · model-written summary
Carotenoid contents in cereal leaves were lower at high temperature, still at least 15 to 20% of the 22 C level.
- Taxon
- Avena sativa L., Hordeum vulgare L., and Triticum aestivum L.Avena sativaHordeum vulgareTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- high temperaturee1
- Outcome
- carotenoid contentse3
- Direction
- lowere3
- Value
- 15 to 20%e3
- Comparator
- 22 Ce3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“A specific high temperature-induced deficiency of chloroplast ribosome formation, as indicated by the absence of chloroplast rRNA, has been observed in the leaves of light- or dark-grown seedlings of Avena sativa L., Hordeum vulgare L., and Triticum aestivum L. at certain temperatures between 28 and 34 C”
e3“The carotenoid contents were also lower but still reached at least 15 to 20% of the corresponding measurements at 22 C”
Claim · model-written summary
Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase was absent in cereal leaves at the higher temperature.
- Taxon
- Avena sativa L., Hordeum vulgare L., and Triticum aestivum L.Avena sativaHordeum vulgareTriticum aestivume1
- Organ / stage
- leavese1
- Treatment
- higher temperaturee4
- Outcome
- Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylasee4
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“A specific high temperature-induced deficiency of chloroplast ribosome formation, as indicated by the absence of chloroplast rRNA, has been observed in the leaves of light- or dark-grown seedlings of Avena sativa L., Hordeum vulgare L., and Triticum aestivum L. at certain temperatures between 28 and 34 C”
e4“Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase was absent at the higher temperature”
Claim · model-written summary
NADP-glyceraldehydephosphate dehydrogenase reached high activities in cereal leaves at high temperature.
- Taxon
- Avena sativa L., Hordeum vulgare L., and Triticum aestivum L.Avena sativaHordeum vulgareTriticum aestivume1
- Outcome
- NADP-glyceralde-hydephosphate dehydrogenasee5
- Qualifier
- reached high activitiese5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“A specific high temperature-induced deficiency of chloroplast ribosome formation, as indicated by the absence of chloroplast rRNA, has been observed in the leaves of light- or dark-grown seedlings of Avena sativa L., Hordeum vulgare L., and Triticum aestivum L. at certain temperatures between 28 and 34 C”
e5“NADP-glyceralde-hydephosphate dehydrogenase reached high activities”
Claim · model-written summary
Hydroxypyruvate reductase activity in cereal leaves at high temperature was 30 to 70% of the 22 C level, a decrease.
- Taxon
- Avena sativa L., Hordeum vulgare L., and Triticum aestivum L.Avena sativaHordeum vulgareTriticum aestivume1
- Organ / stage
- leavese6
- Treatment
- high temperaturee6
- Outcome
- hydroxypyruvate reductasee6
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede6
- Value
- 30 to 70%e6
- Comparator
- 22 C-grown leavese6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“A specific high temperature-induced deficiency of chloroplast ribosome formation, as indicated by the absence of chloroplast rRNA, has been observed in the leaves of light- or dark-grown seedlings of Avena sativa L., Hordeum vulgare L., and Triticum aestivum L. at certain temperatures between 28 and 34 C”
e6“For the peroxisomal marker enzyme hydroxypyruvate reductase, 30 to 70% of the activity present in 22 C-grown leaves was found in extracts from high temperature-grown leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Fumarase activity was 1.5- to 4-fold higher at the elevated growth temperature than at 22 C.
- Taxon
- Avena sativa L., Hordeum vulgare L., and Triticum aestivum L.Avena sativaHordeum vulgareTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- elevated growth temperaturee7
- Outcome
- Fumarasee7
- Direction
- highere7
- Value
- 1.5- to 4-folde7
- Comparator
- 22 Ce7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“A specific high temperature-induced deficiency of chloroplast ribosome formation, as indicated by the absence of chloroplast rRNA, has been observed in the leaves of light- or dark-grown seedlings of Avena sativa L., Hordeum vulgare L., and Triticum aestivum L. at certain temperatures between 28 and 34 C”
e7“Fumarase reached 1.5- to 4-fold higher activities at the elevated growth temperature than at 22 C”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf growth in cereals was little affected by elevated temperature.
- Taxon
- Avena sativa L., Hordeum vulgare L., and Triticum aestivum L.Avena sativaHordeum vulgareTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- elevated temperaturee0
- Outcome
- growth of the leavese0
- Direction
- little affectede0
- Qualifier
- size, morphology, total amino nitrogen contente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“While the growth of the leaves (size, morphology, total amino nitrogen content) was little affected by the elevated temperature”
e1“A specific high temperature-induced deficiency of chloroplast ribosome formation, as indicated by the absence of chloroplast rRNA, has been observed in the leaves of light- or dark-grown seedlings of Avena sativa L., Hordeum vulgare L., and Triticum aestivum L. at certain temperatures between 28 and 34 C”
Claim · model-written summary
Pea leaves at 33 C were deficient of 70S ribosomes.
- Taxon
- Pisum sativum L.
Lathyrus oleraceuse7 - Organ / stage
- Leavese7
- Treatment
- 33 Ce7
- Outcome
- 70S ribosomese7
- Direction
- deficiente7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“Leaves of Pisum sativum L. were completely chlorotic and deficient of 70S ribosomes at 33 C but simultaneously suffered from a severe general inhibition of their growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Pea growth was severely inhibited at 33 C.
- Taxon
- Pisum sativum L.Lathyrus oleraceuse7
- Treatment
- 33 Ce7
- Outcome
- growthe7
- Direction
- inhibitione7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“Leaves of Pisum sativum L. were completely chlorotic and deficient of 70S ribosomes at 33 C but simultaneously suffered from a severe general inhibition of their growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Pea leaves were completely chlorotic at 33 C.
- Taxon
- Pisum sativum L.Lathyrus oleraceuse7
- Treatment
- 33 Ce7
- Outcome
- completely chlorotice7
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“Leaves of Pisum sativum L. were completely chlorotic and deficient of 70S ribosomes at 33 C but simultaneously suffered from a severe general inhibition of their growth”
Claim · model-written summary
A formation of chlorotic leaves was not observed in maize at elevated temperatures.
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“In Zea mays L., a formation of chlorotic leaves was not observed at elevated temperatures”
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