Abstract
We show here that, within 1–2 min of application, systemin triggers a transient increase of cytoplasmic free calcium concentration ([Ca 2+ ] c ) in cells from Lycopersicon esculentum mesophyll. The systemin‐induced Ca 2+ increase was slightly but not significantly reduced by L‐type Ca 2+ channel blockers (nifedipine, verapamil and diltiazem) and the Ca 2+ chelator [ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid (EGTA)], whereas inorganic Ca 2+ channel blockers (LaCl 3 , CdCl 2 and GdCl 3 ) and compounds affecting the release of intracellular Ca 2+ from the vacuole (ruthenium red, LiCl, neomycin) strongly reduced the systemin‐induced [Ca 2+ ] c increase. By contrast, no inhibitory effect was seen with the potassium and chloride channel blockers tested. Unlike systemin, other inducers of proteinase inhibitor (PI) and of wound‐induced protein synthesis, such as jasmonic acid (JA) and bestatin, did not trigger an increase of cytoplasmic Ca 2+ . The systemin‐induced elevation of cytoplasmic Ca 2+ which might be an early step in the systemin signalling pathway, appears to involve an influx of extracellular Ca 2+ simultaneously through several types of Ca 2+ permeable channels, and a release of Ca 2+ from intracellular stores sensitive to blockers of inositol 1,4,5‐triphosphate (IP 3 )‐ and cyclic adenasine 5’‐diphosphoribose (cADPR)‐mediated Ca 2+ release.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Systemin rapidly triggered a transient rise in cytoplasmic calcium.
- Taxon
- Lycopersicon esculentum
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Organ / stage
- mesophylle0
- Treatment
- systemine0
- Outcome
- cytoplasmic free calcium concentratione0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 1–2 mine0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“within 1–2 min of application, systemin triggers a transient increase of cytoplasmic free calcium concentration ([Ca 2+ ] c ) in cells from Lycopersicon esculentum mesophyll”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic calcium channel blockers and EGTA slightly but nonsignificantly reduced the systemin calcium increase.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- L‐type Ca 2+ channel blockers (nifedipine, verapamil and diltiazem) and the Ca 2+ chelator [ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid (EGTA)]e0
- Outcome
- systemin‐induced Ca 2+ increasee0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The systemin‐induced Ca 2+ increase was slightly but not significantly reduced by L‐type Ca 2+ channel blockers (nifedipine, verapamil and diltiazem) and the Ca 2+ chelator [ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid (EGTA)]”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Inorganic calcium channel blockers strongly reduced systemin calcium increase.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- inorganic Ca 2+ channel blockers (LaCl 3 , CdCl 2 and GdCl 3 )e0
- Outcome
- systemin‐induced [Ca 2+ ] c increasee0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“inorganic Ca 2+ channel blockers (LaCl 3 , CdCl 2 and GdCl 3 ) and compounds affecting the release of intracellular Ca 2+ from the vacuole (ruthenium red, LiCl, neomycin) strongly reduced the systemin‐induced [Ca 2+ ] c increase”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Vacuolar calcium release blockers strongly reduced systemin calcium increase.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- ruthenium red, LiCl, neomycine0
- Outcome
- systemin‐induced [Ca 2+ ] c increasee0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“compounds affecting the release of intracellular Ca 2+ from the vacuole (ruthenium red, LiCl, neomycin) strongly reduced the systemin‐induced [Ca 2+ ] c increase”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium and chloride channel blockers showed no inhibitory effect.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- potassium and chloride channel blockerse0
- Outcome
- inhibitory effecte0
- Direction
- no inhibitory effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“no inhibitory effect was seen with the potassium and chloride channel blockers tested”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Jasmonic acid and bestatin did not trigger cytoplasmic calcium increase.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- jasmonic acid (JA) and bestatine0
- Outcome
- cytoplasmic Ca 2+e0
- Direction
- did not trigger an increasee0
- Comparator
- systemine0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Unlike systemin, other inducers of proteinase inhibitor (PI) and of wound‐induced protein synthesis, such as jasmonic acid (JA) and bestatin, did not trigger an increase of cytoplasmic Ca 2+”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Systemin calcium elevation appears to involve extracellular influx and release from intracellular stores.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- elevation of cytoplasmic Ca 2+e0
- Qualifier
- influx of extracellular Ca 2+ simultaneously through several types of Ca 2+ permeable channels, and a release of Ca 2+ from intracellular storese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The systemin‐induced elevation of cytoplasmic Ca 2+ which might be an early step in the systemin signalling pathway, appears to involve an influx of extracellular Ca 2+ simultaneously through several types of Ca 2+ permeable channels, and a release of Ca 2+ from intracellular stores sensitive to blockers of inositol 1,4,5‐triphosphate (IP 3 )‐ and cyclic adenasine 5’‐diphosphoribose (cADPR)‐mediated Ca 2+ release”
t0“tomato”
The same questions in other papers
chelator · nutrient: content · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
calcium(2+) · nutrient: content · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
lanthanum trichloride · nutrient: content · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
jasmonic acid · nutrient: content · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- negative
cadmium dichloride · nutrient: content · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.