Abstract
Abstract The role of ethylene and auxins in flood‐induced adventitious root formation and hypocotyl hypertrophy in sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L. cv. Russian) plants was studied. Flooding without aeration (F) resulted in a steady increase in ethylene in hypocotyls, and flooding with aeration (FA) caused a transient increase. Low light intensity increased ethylene levels but decreased adventitious root formation. Treatment of shoots with benzyladenine (BA) increased ethylene content in non‐flooded (NF) but not in F or FA shoots. Twenty‐four hours of flooding brought about a rise of endogenous indole‐acetic acid (IAA) in hypocotyls. 14 C‐IAA applied to the shoot accumulated more in F and FA hypocotyls than in NF hypocotyls, and BA reduced this accumulation. There was less IAA metabolism in F and FA than in NF hypocotyls. Tri‐iodo benzoic acid (TIBA) applied to the hypocotyls of F plants inhibited root production. Benzyladenine (BA) applied to the leaves had similar effect but was not effective when supplied to the shoot apex. BA did not inhibit flood‐induced hypocotyl hypertrophy. Ethrel did not affect adventitious root formation in NF plants but did increase hypocotyl thickening. It is concluded that flood‐induced adventitious root formation is stimulated primarily by an accumulation of auxins in the hypocotyls. Increases in ethylene might cause this auxin build up. Hypocotyl hypertrophy is presently thought to be the result of an interaction of auxin and ethylene with ethylene being the major factor.
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Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
Flooding without aeration steadily increased hypocotyl ethylene.
- Taxon
- sunflower
Helianthus annuuse0 - Treatment
- Flooding without aeration (F)e1
- Outcome
- ethylene in hypocotylse1
- Direction
- increasee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L. cv. Russian) plants”
e1“Flooding without aeration (F) resulted in a steady increase in ethylene in hypocotyls”
Claim · model-written summary
Flooding with aeration transiently increased hypocotyl ethylene.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- flooding with aeration (FA)e1
- Outcome
- transient increasee1
- Direction
- increasee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L. cv. Russian) plants”
e1“flooding with aeration (FA) caused a transient increase”
Claim · model-written summary
Low light increased ethylene levels.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- Low light intensitye1
- Outcome
- ethylene levelse1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L. cv. Russian) plants”
e1“Low light intensity increased ethylene levels but decreased adventitious root formation”
Claim · model-written summary
Low light decreased adventitious root formation.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- Low light intensitye1
- Outcome
- adventitious root formatione1
- Direction
- decreasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L. cv. Russian) plants”
e1“Low light intensity increased ethylene levels but decreased adventitious root formation”
Claim · model-written summary
Benzyladenine increased ethylene in non-flooded shoots.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- benzyladenine (BA)e1
- Outcome
- ethylene contente1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Comparator
- non‐flooded (NF)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L. cv. Russian) plants”
e1“Treatment of shoots with benzyladenine (BA) increased ethylene content in non‐flooded (NF) but not in F or FA shoots”
Claim · model-written summary
Benzyladenine did not increase ethylene in flooded shoots.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- benzyladenine (BA)e1
- Outcome
- ethylene contente1
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede1
- Qualifier
- but not in F or FA shootse1
- Comparator
- F or FA shootse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L. cv. Russian) plants”
e1“Treatment of shoots with benzyladenine (BA) increased ethylene content in non‐flooded (NF) but not in F or FA shoots”
Claim · model-written summary
Twenty-four hours of flooding increased hypocotyl IAA.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- Twenty‐four hours of floodinge1
- Outcome
- endogenous indole‐acetic acid (IAA) in hypocotylse1
- Direction
- risee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L. cv. Russian) plants”
e1“Twenty‐four hours of flooding brought about a rise of endogenous indole‐acetic acid (IAA) in hypocotyls”
Claim · model-written summary
Applied IAA accumulated more in flooded hypocotyls than non-flooded hypocotyls.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- F and FAe1
- Outcome
- 14 C‐IAAe1
- Direction
- moree1
- Comparator
- NF hypocotylse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L. cv. Russian) plants”
e1“14 C‐IAA applied to the shoot accumulated more in F and FA hypocotyls than in NF hypocotyls”
Claim · model-written summary
Benzyladenine reduced applied IAA accumulation.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- BAe1
- Outcome
- accumulatione1
- Direction
- reducede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L. cv. Russian) plants”
e1“BA reduced this accumulation”
e2“14 C‐IAA applied to the shoot accumulated more”
Claim · model-written summary
IAA metabolism was lower in flooded than non-flooded hypocotyls.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- F and FAe1
- Outcome
- IAA metabolisme1
- Direction
- lesse1
- Comparator
- NF hypocotylse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L. cv. Russian) plants”
e1“There was less IAA metabolism in F and FA than in NF hypocotyls”
Claim · model-written summary
TIBA applied to flooded hypocotyls inhibited root production.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- Tri‐iodo benzoic acid (TIBA)e1
- Outcome
- root productione1
- Direction
- inhibitede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L. cv. Russian) plants”
e1“Tri‐iodo benzoic acid (TIBA) applied to the hypocotyls of F plants inhibited root production”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf-applied benzyladenine inhibited root production.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- Benzyladenine (BA) applied to the leavese1
- Outcome
- root productione2
- Direction
- inhibitede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L. cv. Russian) plants”
e1“Benzyladenine (BA) applied to the leaves had similar effect”
e2“inhibited root production”
Claim · model-written summary
Benzyladenine supplied to the shoot apex did not inhibit root production.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- Benzyladenine (BA)e2
- Outcome
- root productione3
- Direction
- not effectivee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L. cv. Russian) plants”
e1“was not effective when supplied to the shoot apex”
e2“Benzyladenine (BA) applied to the leaves had similar effect”
e3“Tri‐iodo benzoic acid (TIBA) applied to the hypocotyls of F plants inhibited root production”
Claim · model-written summary
Benzyladenine did not inhibit flood-induced hypocotyl hypertrophy.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- BAe1
- Outcome
- flood‐induced hypocotyl hypertrophye1
- Direction
- did not inhibite1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L. cv. Russian) plants”
e1“BA did not inhibit flood‐induced hypocotyl hypertrophy”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethrel did not affect adventitious root formation in non-flooded plants.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- Ethrele1
- Outcome
- adventitious root formatione1
- Direction
- did not affecte1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L. cv. Russian) plants”
e1“Ethrel did not affect adventitious root formation in NF plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethrel increased hypocotyl thickening.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- Ethrele1
- Outcome
- hypocotyl thickeninge1
- Direction
- increasee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L. cv. Russian) plants”
e1“Ethrel did not affect adventitious root formation in NF plants but did increase hypocotyl thickening”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors concluded that auxin accumulation primarily stimulates flooding-induced adventitious rooting.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Compound
- auxinse1
- Outcome
- flood‐induced adventitious root formatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L. cv. Russian) plants”
e1“flood‐induced adventitious root formation is stimulated primarily by an accumulation of auxins in the hypocotyls”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors proposed that ethylene could cause auxin buildup.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Compound
- ethylenee1
- Outcome
- auxin build upe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L. cv. Russian) plants”
e1“Increases in ethylene might cause this auxin build up”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors proposed that auxin and ethylene interact in hypocotyl hypertrophy, with ethylene dominant.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Compound
- auxin and ethylenee1
- Outcome
- Hypocotyl hypertrophye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L. cv. Russian) plants”
e1“Hypocotyl hypertrophy is presently thought to be the result of an interaction of auxin and ethylene with ethylene being the major factor”
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light · growth · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Positive and negative results
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See all 23 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.