Abstract
Abstract Helianthus annuus is an invasive alien species naturalised in the central region of Argentina where it shares an extended area with the sunflower crop. As this species has also invaded several other sunflower crop growing areas in the world, it severely restricts the use of new technologies, for example herbicide tolerance by genetic modification. The natural seed dormancy of the wild Helianthus strains from the centre of origin in North America is well known, but the seed dormancy of the invasive biotypes is still unknown. Dormancy is a fitness trait related to the establishment, dispersion and persistence of invasive weeds. Four experiments were designed to investigate the effect of the pericarp, light, temperature, the after‐ripening period and hybridization with the DK3880CL sunflower crop ( F1 ) on the seed dormancy of five invasive H. annuus biotypes. The results showed that pericarp scarification increased imbibition of the whole achene by 19%. Light stimulation only increased germination in the wild biotype without any effect on the domesticated sunflower. A period of 12 months after‐ripening at 5°C reduced seed dormancy in the wild biotype and its progeny; the optimal temperature for seed germination at this period was found to be 15°C. Mechanical scarification was the best treatment for overcoming seed dormancy with a differential germination, in the biotypes with the highest response, superior to 63%. Hybridization with domesticated sunflower had a minimal or no effect on seed dormancy but the germination rate was improved in three F1 crosses. Wild biotype dormancy appears to be governed by the maternal pericarp and intrinsic hormone regulation. An increased germination rate of some progenies could constitute an advantage during seedling establishment but only in winters without any frost.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Pericarp scarification increased whole-achene imbibition by 19%.
- Taxon
- Helianthus annuus
Helianthus annuust0 - Treatment
- pericarp scarificatione0
- Outcome
- imbibition of the whole achenee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 19%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pericarp scarification increased imbibition of the whole achene by 19%.”
t0“Helianthus annuus”
Claim · model-written summary
Light increased wild-biotype germination.
- Taxon
- Helianthus annuusHelianthus annuust0
- Material
- wild biotypee0
- Treatment
- Light stimulatione0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Light stimulation only increased germination in the wild biotype without any effect on the domesticated sunflower.”
t0“Helianthus annuus”
Claim · model-written summary
Light had no stated effect on domesticated sunflower germination.
- Taxon
- domesticated sunflowere0
- Treatment
- Light stimulatione0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- without any effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Light stimulation only increased germination in the wild biotype without any effect on the domesticated sunflower.”
Claim · model-written summary
Twelve months of after-ripening at 5°C reduced dormancy in the wild biotype and its progeny.
- Taxon
- Helianthus annuusHelianthus annuust0
- Material
- wild biotype and its progenye0
- Treatment
- 12 months after‐ripening at 5°Ce0
- Outcome
- seed dormancye0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A period of 12 months after‐ripening at 5°C reduced seed dormancy in the wild biotype and its progeny;”
t0“Helianthus annuus”
Claim · model-written summary
The optimal germination temperature after after-ripening was 15°C.
- Taxon
- Helianthus annuusHelianthus annuust0
- Outcome
- optimal temperature for seed germinatione0
- Value
- 15°Ce0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the optimal temperature for seed germination at this period was found to be 15°C.”
t0“Helianthus annuus”
Claim · model-written summary
Mechanical scarification best overcame dormancy, with germination differences over 63% in the most responsive biotypes.
- Taxon
- Helianthus annuusHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- Mechanical scarificatione0
- Outcome
- differential germinatione0
- Direction
- beste0
- Value
- 63%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mechanical scarification was the best treatment for overcoming seed dormancy with a differential germination, in the biotypes with the highest response, superior to 63%.”
t0“Helianthus annuus”
Claim · model-written summary
Hybridization with domesticated sunflower had minimal or no dormancy effect.
- Taxon
- Helianthus annuusHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- Hybridization with domesticated sunflowere0
- Outcome
- seed dormancye0
- Direction
- minimal or no effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Hybridization with domesticated sunflower had a minimal or no effect on seed dormancy but the germination rate was improved in three F1 crosses.”
t0“Helianthus annuus”
Claim · model-written summary
Hybridization improved germination rate in three F1 crosses.
- Taxon
- Helianthus annuusHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- Hybridization with domesticated sunflowere0
- Outcome
- germination ratee0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- three F1 crossese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Hybridization with domesticated sunflower had a minimal or no effect on seed dormancy but the germination rate was improved in three F1 crosses.”
t0“Helianthus annuus”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer maternal pericarp and intrinsic hormone regulation of wild dormancy.
- Taxon
- Helianthus annuusHelianthus annuust0
- Outcome
- Wild biotype dormancye0
- Qualifier
- maternal pericarp and intrinsic hormone regulatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wild biotype dormancy appears to be governed by the maternal pericarp and intrinsic hormone regulation.”
t0“Helianthus annuus”
Claim · model-written summary
Faster germination could aid establishment only in frost-free winters.
- Taxon
- Helianthus annuusHelianthus annuust0
- Outcome
- advantage during seedling establishmente0
- Qualifier
- only in winters without any froste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An increased germination rate of some progenies could constitute an advantage during seedling establishment but only in winters without any frost.”
t0“Helianthus annuus”
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See all 55 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.