Abstract
Bacillus cereus AR156 is a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium that induces resistance against a broad spectrum of pathogens including Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000. This study analyzed AR156-induced systemic resistance (ISR) to DC3000 in Arabidopsis ecotype Col-0 plants. Compared with mock-treated plants, AR156-treated ones showed an increase in biomass and reductions in disease severity and pathogen density in the leaves. The defense-related genes PR1, PR2, PR5, and PDF1.2 were concurrently expressed in the leaves of AR156-treated plants, suggesting simultaneous activation of the salicylic acid (SA)- and the jasmonic acid (JA)- and ethylene (ET)-dependent signaling pathways by AR156. The above gene expression was faster and stronger in plants treated with AR156 and inoculated with DC3000 than that in plants only inoculated with DC3000. Moreover, the cellular defense responses hydrogen peroxide accumulation and callose deposition were induced upon challenge inoculation in the leaves of Col-0 plants primed by AR156. Also, pretreatment with AR156 led to a higher level of induced protection against DC3000 in Col-0 than that in the transgenic NahG, the mutant jar1 or etr1, but the protection was absent in the mutant npr1. Therefore, AR156 triggers ISR in Arabidopsis by simultaneously activating the SA- and JA/ET-signaling pathways in an NPR1-dependent manner that leads to an additive effect on the level of induced protection.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
AR156 increased Arabidopsis biomass relative to mock treatment.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsise1 - Material
- Col-0e1
- Treatment
- AR156-treatede0
- Interactor
- AR156e0symbiont
- Outcome
- biomasse0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Comparator
- mock-treated plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with mock-treated plants, AR156-treated ones showed an increase in biomass”
e1“Arabidopsis ecotype Col-0 plants”
Claim · model-written summary
AR156 reduced disease severity relative to mock treatment.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Treatment
- AR156-treatede0
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato str. DC3000e2pathogen
- Second interactor
- AR156e0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- disease severitye0
- Direction
- reductionse0
- Comparator
- mock-treated plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with mock-treated plants, AR156-treated ones showed an increase in biomass and reductions in disease severity and pathogen density in the leaves”
e1“Arabidopsis ecotype Col-0 plants”
e2“Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000”
Claim · model-written summary
AR156 reduced leaf pathogen density relative to mock treatment.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Treatment
- AR156-treatede0
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato str. DC3000e2pathogen
- Second interactor
- AR156e0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- pathogen density in the leavese0
- Direction
- reductionse0
- Comparator
- mock-treated plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with mock-treated plants, AR156-treated ones showed an increase in biomass and reductions in disease severity and pathogen density in the leaves”
e1“Arabidopsis ecotype Col-0 plants”
e2“Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000”
Claim · model-written summary
Defense genes PR1, PR2 and PR5 were concurrently expressed after AR156 treatment.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- AR156-treatede0
- Interactor
- AR156e0symbiont
- Gene
- PR1, PR2, PR5e0
- Outcome
- concurrently expressede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The defense-related genes PR1, PR2, PR5, and PDF1.2 were concurrently expressed in the leaves of AR156-treated plants”
e1“Arabidopsis ecotype Col-0 plants”
Claim · model-written summary
PDF1.2 was expressed after AR156 treatment.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- AR156-treatede0
- Interactor
- AR156e0symbiont
- Gene
- PDF1.2e0
- Outcome
- concurrently expressede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The defense-related genes PR1, PR2, PR5, and PDF1.2 were concurrently expressed in the leaves of AR156-treated plants”
e1“Arabidopsis ecotype Col-0 plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Defense-gene expression was faster and stronger in AR156-treated, DC3000-inoculated plants than with DC3000 alone.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Treatment
- treated with AR156 and inoculated with DC3000e0
- Interactor
- DC3000e0pathogen
- Second interactor
- AR156e0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- gene expressione0
- Direction
- faster and strongere0
- Comparator
- plants only inoculated with DC3000e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The above gene expression was faster and stronger in plants treated with AR156 and inoculated with DC3000 than that in plants only inoculated with DC3000”
e1“Arabidopsis ecotype Col-0 plants”
Claim · model-written summary
AR156 priming induced hydrogen peroxide accumulation and callose deposition after challenge.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Material
- Col-0e0
- Treatment
- primed by AR156e0
- Interactor
- AR156e0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- hydrogen peroxide accumulation and callose depositione0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“hydrogen peroxide accumulation and callose deposition were induced upon challenge inoculation in the leaves of Col-0 plants primed by AR156”
e1“Arabidopsis ecotype Col-0 plants”
Claim · model-written summary
AR156 protection was higher in Col-0 than NahG.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Material
- Col-0e0
- Treatment
- pretreatment with AR156e0
- Interactor
- DC3000e0pathogen
- Second interactor
- AR156e0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- induced protection against DC3000e0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- transgenic NahGe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pretreatment with AR156 led to a higher level of induced protection against DC3000 in Col-0 than that in the transgenic NahG, the mutant jar1 or etr1”
e1“Arabidopsis ecotype Col-0 plants”
Claim · model-written summary
AR156 protection was higher in Col-0 than jar1.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Material
- Col-0e0
- Treatment
- pretreatment with AR156e0
- Interactor
- DC3000e0pathogen
- Second interactor
- AR156e0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- induced protection against DC3000e0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- mutant jar1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pretreatment with AR156 led to a higher level of induced protection against DC3000 in Col-0 than that in the transgenic NahG, the mutant jar1 or etr1”
e1“Arabidopsis ecotype Col-0 plants”
Claim · model-written summary
AR156 protection was higher in Col-0 than etr1.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Material
- Col-0e0
- Treatment
- pretreatment with AR156e0
- Interactor
- DC3000e0pathogen
- Second interactor
- AR156e0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- induced protection against DC3000e0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- etr1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pretreatment with AR156 led to a higher level of induced protection against DC3000 in Col-0 than that in the transgenic NahG, the mutant jar1 or etr1”
e1“Arabidopsis ecotype Col-0 plants”
Claim · model-written summary
AR156-induced protection was absent in npr1.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise2
- Material
- mutant npr1e0
- Interactor
- DC3000e1pathogen
- Second interactor
- AR156e1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- protection was absente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the protection was absent in the mutant npr1”
e1“pretreatment with AR156 led to a higher level of induced protection against DC3000”
e2“Arabidopsis ecotype Col-0 plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors infer that AR156 activates salicylate and jasmonate/ethylene signaling through NPR1 to induce systemic resistance.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Interactor
- AR156e0biocontrol_agent
- Gene
- NPR1e0
- Outcome
- ISRe0
- Qualifier
- SA- and JA/ET-signaling pathwayse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AR156 triggers ISR in Arabidopsis by simultaneously activating the SA- and JA/ET-signaling pathways in an NPR1-dependent manner that leads to an additive effect on the level of induced protection”
The same questions in other papers
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