Abstract
Plant immunity against the majority of the microbial pathogens is conveyed by a phenomenon known as non-host resistance (NHR). This defence mechanism affords durable protection to plant species against given species of phytopathogens. We investigated the genetic basis of NHR in Arabidopsis against the wheat powdery mildew fungus Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt). Both primary and appressorial germ tubes were produced from individual Bgt conidia on the surface of the Arabidopsis leaves. Attempted infection occasionally resulted in successful penetration, which led to the development of an abnormal unilateral haustorium. Inoculation of a series of Arabidopsis defence-related mutants with Bgt resulted in the attenuation of reactive oxygen intermediate (ROI) production and salicylic acid (SA)-dependent defence gene expression in eds1, pad4 and nahG plants, which are known to be defective in some aspects of host resistance. Furthermore, Bgt often developed bilateral haustoria in the mutant Arabidopsis lines that closely resembled those formed in wheat. A similar decrease in NHR was observed following treatment of the wild-type Arabidopsis plants with cytochalasin E, an inhibitor of actin microfilament polymerisation. In eds1 mutants, inhibition of actin polymerisation severely compromised NHR in Arabidopsis against Bgt. This permitted completion of the Bgt infection cycle on these plants. Therefore, actin cytoskeletal function and EDS1 activity, in combination, are major contributors to NHR in Arabidopsis against wheat powdery mildew.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Bgt conidia produced primary and appressorial germ tubes on Arabidopsis leaves.
- Taxon
- Bgte0
- Organ / stage
- conidiae0
- Interactor
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsise0host - Outcome
- Both primary and appressorial germ tubese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both primary and appressorial germ tubes were produced from individual Bgt conidia on the surface of the Arabidopsis leaves.”
Claim · model-written summary
Occasional successful penetration led to an abnormal unilateral haustorium.
- Taxon
- Bgte1
- Interactor
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1host
- Outcome
- development of an abnormal unilateral haustoriume0
- Qualifier
- occasionallye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Attempted infection occasionally resulted in successful penetration, which led to the development of an abnormal unilateral haustorium.”
e1“Both primary and appressorial germ tubes were produced from individual Bgt conidia on the surface of the Arabidopsis leaves.”
Claim · model-written summary
Bgt inoculation attenuated ROI production and SA-dependent defence gene expression in eds1 plants.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Material
- eds1e0
- Treatment
- Inoculatione0
- Interactor
- Bgte0pathogen
- Outcome
- reactive oxygen intermediate (ROI) production and salicylic acid (SA)-dependent defence gene expressione0
- Direction
- attenuatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculation of a series of Arabidopsis defence-related mutants with Bgt resulted in the attenuation of reactive oxygen intermediate (ROI) production and salicylic acid (SA)-dependent defence gene expression in eds1, pad4 and nahG plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Bgt inoculation attenuated ROI production and SA-dependent defence gene expression in pad4 plants.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Material
- pad4e0
- Treatment
- Inoculatione0
- Interactor
- Bgte0pathogen
- Outcome
- reactive oxygen intermediate (ROI) production and salicylic acid (SA)-dependent defence gene expressione0
- Direction
- attenuatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculation of a series of Arabidopsis defence-related mutants with Bgt resulted in the attenuation of reactive oxygen intermediate (ROI) production and salicylic acid (SA)-dependent defence gene expression in eds1, pad4 and nahG plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Bgt inoculation attenuated ROI production and SA-dependent defence gene expression in nahG plants.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Material
- nahGe0
- Treatment
- Inoculatione0
- Interactor
- Bgte0pathogen
- Outcome
- reactive oxygen intermediate (ROI) production and salicylic acid (SA)-dependent defence gene expressione0
- Direction
- attenuatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculation of a series of Arabidopsis defence-related mutants with Bgt resulted in the attenuation of reactive oxygen intermediate (ROI) production and salicylic acid (SA)-dependent defence gene expression in eds1, pad4 and nahG plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Bgt often formed bilateral haustoria in mutant Arabidopsis resembling those in wheat.
- Taxon
- Bgte0
- Interactor
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0host
- Outcome
- bilateral haustoriae0
- Qualifier
- oftene0
- Comparator
- wheate0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Furthermore, Bgt often developed bilateral haustoria in the mutant Arabidopsis lines that closely resembled those formed in wheat.”
Claim · model-written summary
Cytochalasin E treatment decreased non-host resistance in wild-type Arabidopsis.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Material
- wild-typee0
- Treatment
- cytochalasin Ee0
- Outcome
- NHRe0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A similar decrease in NHR was observed following treatment of the wild-type Arabidopsis plants with cytochalasin E, an inhibitor of actin microfilament polymerisation.”
Claim · model-written summary
Actin polymerisation inhibition severely compromised resistance to Bgt in eds1 mutants.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Material
- eds1e0
- Treatment
- inhibition of actin polymerisatione0
- Interactor
- Bgte0pathogen
- Outcome
- NHRe0
- Direction
- severely compromisede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In eds1 mutants, inhibition of actin polymerisation severely compromised NHR in Arabidopsis against Bgt.”
Claim · model-written summary
Actin inhibition in eds1 mutants permitted completion of the Bgt infection cycle.
- Taxon
- Bgte0
- Treatment
- inhibition of actin polymerisatione0
- Interactor
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0host
- Outcome
- completion of the Bgt infection cyclee0
- Qualifier
- In eds1 mutantse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In eds1 mutants, inhibition of actin polymerisation severely compromised NHR in Arabidopsis against Bgt. This permitted completion of the Bgt infection cycle on these plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Actin cytoskeletal function and EDS1 activity jointly contribute to Arabidopsis non-host resistance.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Interactor
- wheat powdery mildewe0pathogen
- Gene
- EDS1e0
- Outcome
- NHRe0
- Qualifier
- actin cytoskeletal function and EDS1 activity, in combinatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Therefore, actin cytoskeletal function and EDS1 activity, in combination, are major contributors to NHR in Arabidopsis against wheat powdery mildew.”
The same questions in other papers
inoculation · molecular: expression · ArabidopsisPositive and negative results
5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 19 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
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