Abstract
ABSTRACT Potted bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv speed wonder) plants were grown in a glasshouse with and without organic and chemical fertilizers, un-inoculated or inoculated with rhizobia (a mixed culture of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. phaseoli and R. tropici) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) (Glomus spp.), singly or in combination. Treatment effects on growth, nodulation, AMF colonization and nutrient uptake of plants were evaluated. Rhizobial inoculation positively influenced root dry weight and nodulation of plants. Shoot and root dry weights and nodulation were again higher in dually inoculated plants compared to singly inoculated plants. Compared to control, single inoculation either with rhizobia or AMF did not increase pod yield. But, dual inoculation significantly increased pod yield compared to control or singly inoculated plants. Inoculation also significantly increased pod yield in organic fertilization treatment, but not in chemical fertilization treatment. AMF colonization, spore population and shoot N and P were also significantly higher in dually inoculated plants. Under fertilized conditions, nodulation, AMF colonization and spore population were generally more pronounced in dually inoculated organic plants than in chemical plants. Shoot Ca, and K remained unaffected by inoculation either in fertilized or unfertilized conditions. Dual inoculation significantly increased the concentration of shoot Mg in organic plants, but not in chemical. In general, better positive effects of inoculations were observed in organic plants than in chemical suggesting higher dependency of organic plants on these symbionts for better growth and development.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizobial inoculation increased root dry weight and nodulation.
- Taxon
- Beant0
- Treatment
- Rhizobial inoculatione0
- Interactor
- Rhizobiale0symbiont
- Outcome
- root dry weight and nodulatione0
- Direction
- positively influencede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Rhizobial inoculation positively influenced root dry weight and nodulation of plants”
t0“Bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Dual inoculation raised shoot and root dry weights and nodulation relative to single inoculation.
Verbatim
e0“Shoot and root dry weights and nodulation were again higher in dually inoculated plants compared to singly inoculated plants”
t0“Bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Single rhizobial or AMF inoculation did not increase pod yield relative to control.
Verbatim
e0“Compared to control, single inoculation either with rhizobia or AMF did not increase pod yield”
t0“Bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Dual inoculation significantly increased pod yield relative to control or single inoculation.
Verbatim
e0“dual inoculation significantly increased pod yield compared to control or singly inoculated plants”
t0“Bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation significantly increased pod yield with organic fertilizer.
- Taxon
- Beant0
- Treatment
- Inoculatione0
- Outcome
- pod yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- organic fertilization treatmente0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Inoculation also significantly increased pod yield in organic fertilization treatment”
t0“Bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation did not significantly increase pod yield with chemical fertilizer.
Not reportedTreatmentComparatorOutcomeDirection
Verbatim
e0“but not in chemical fertilization treatment”
t0“Bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Dual inoculation significantly increased AMF colonization, spore population, and shoot nitrogen and phosphorus.
- Taxon
- Beant0
- Treatment
- dually inoculatede0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- AMF colonization, spore population and shoot N and Pe0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“AMF colonization, spore population and shoot N and P were also significantly higher in dually inoculated plants”
t0“Bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Under fertilization, nodulation, AMF colonization, and spore population were more pronounced in dual inoculated organic than chemical plants.
Verbatim
e0“Under fertilized conditions, nodulation, AMF colonization and spore population were generally more pronounced in dually inoculated organic plants than in chemical plants”
t0“Bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation did not affect shoot calcium or potassium in fertilized or unfertilized plants.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Shoot Ca, and K remained unaffected by inoculation either in fertilized or unfertilized conditions”
t0“Bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Dual inoculation significantly increased shoot magnesium in organic plants.
- Taxon
- Beant0
- Treatment
- Dual inoculatione0
- Outcome
- concentration of shoot Mge0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- organic plantse0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Dual inoculation significantly increased the concentration of shoot Mg in organic plants”
t0“Bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Dual inoculation did not increase shoot magnesium in chemically fertilized plants.
Not reportedTreatmentComparatorOutcomeDirection
Verbatim
e0“Dual inoculation significantly increased the concentration of shoot Mg in organic plants, but not in chemical.”
t0“Bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation effects were generally stronger in organic than chemically fertilized bean plants.
Verbatim
e0“In general, better positive effects of inoculations were observed in organic plants than in chemical”
t0“Bean”
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