Abstract
There has been extensive research focused on decreasing yield losses during soybean crop production by increasing water availability through irrigation technologies. However, these techniques are expensive and labour-intensive. There has also been considerable effort to enhance photosynthetic activity in crop plants under water deficit stress. Lipo-chitooligosaccharides (LCOs) are bacteria-to-plant signal molecules essential for the establishment of rhizobia–legume symbioses. LCOs (or Nod factors) are known to invoke a number of physiological changes in the soybean plant. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of LCO spray application on the physiology and productivity of ‘water stressed’ soybean plants. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to (i) assess the interactions between chronic moderate-level soil moisture deficit and spray application of LCOs during flowering and pod filling of soybean plants, and (ii) evaluate changes in canopy spectral reflectance due to LCO application. The treatments consisted of factorial combinations of three levels of moisture availability (control, medium stress and severe stress) and LCO application or not. Chronic moderate-level soil moisture deficit strongly reduced soybean growth and productivity at both water stress levels. Foliar application of LCO affected overall plant physiological activity, increased flower and pod numbers, and accelerated leaf senescence of soybean plants under water stress. LCO affected the spectral reflectance signature at the medium stress level. LCO treatment had most positive effects on the growth pattern of soybean at the medium stress level, which is the stress level most commonly observed in standard farm-field conditions. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Chronic moderate soil moisture deficit reduced soybean growth at both stress levels.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Treatment
- Chronic moderate-level soil moisture deficite0
- Outcome
- soybean growthe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- at both water stress levelse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chronic moderate-level soil moisture deficit strongly reduced soybean growth and productivity at both water stress levels.”
Claim · model-written summary
Chronic moderate soil moisture deficit reduced soybean productivity at both stress levels.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- Chronic moderate-level soil moisture deficite0
- Outcome
- productivitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- at both water stress levelse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chronic moderate-level soil moisture deficit strongly reduced soybean growth and productivity at both water stress levels.”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar LCO application affected physiological activity in water-stressed soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- Foliar application of LCOe0
- Outcome
- overall plant physiological activitye0
- Qualifier
- under water stresse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar application of LCO affected overall plant physiological activity, increased flower and pod numbers, and accelerated leaf senescence of soybean plants under water stress.”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar LCO application increased flower and pod numbers in water-stressed soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- Foliar application of LCOe0
- Outcome
- flower and pod numberse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- under water stresse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar application of LCO affected overall plant physiological activity, increased flower and pod numbers, and accelerated leaf senescence of soybean plants under water stress.”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar LCO application accelerated leaf senescence in water-stressed soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- Foliar application of LCOe0
- Outcome
- leaf senescencee0
- Direction
- acceleratede0
- Qualifier
- under water stresse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar application of LCO affected overall plant physiological activity, increased flower and pod numbers, and accelerated leaf senescence of soybean plants under water stress.”
Claim · model-written summary
LCO affected soybean spectral reflectance under medium stress.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- LCOe0
- Outcome
- spectral reflectance signaturee0
- Qualifier
- at the medium stress levele0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“LCO affected the spectral reflectance signature at the medium stress level.”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
LCO had its most positive effects on soybean growth pattern at the medium stress level.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- LCO treatmente0
- Outcome
- growth patterne0
- Direction
- most positive effectse0
- Qualifier
- at the medium stress levele0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“LCO treatment had most positive effects on the growth pattern of soybean at the medium stress level, which is the stress level most commonly observed in standard farm-field conditions.”
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