Abstract
Aims our study quantified the combined effects of fertilization and inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (amF) on grain yield and allocation of biomass and nutrients in field-grown rice (Oryza sativa l.). Methods a two-factor experiment was conducted at a field site in northeast of China (in shuangcheng, Heilongjiang Province, songhua river basin): six nitrogen–phosphorus–potassium fertilizer levels were provided (0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100% of the local norm of fertilizer supply), with or without inoculation with Glomus mosseae. at maturity, we quantified the percentage of root length colonization by amF, grain yield, shoot:root ratios, shoot N and P contents and nutrients allocated to panicles, leaves and stems. Important Findings as expected, inoculation resulted in greatly increased amF colonization, which in turn led to higher shoot:root ratios and greater shoot N contents. shoot:root ratios of inoculated rice increased with increasing fertilization while there was a significant interaction between fertilization and inoculation on shoot:root ratio. additionally, amF inoculation increased panicle:shoot ratios, panicle N:shoot N ratios and panicle P:shoot P ratios, especially in plants grown at low fertilizer levels. Importantly, inoculated rice exhibited higher grain yield, with the maximum improvement (near 62%) at the lower fertilizer end. our results showed that (i) amFinoculated plants conform to the functional equilibrium theory, albeit to a reduced extent compared to non-inoculated plants and (ii) amF inoculation resulted in greater allocation of shoot biomass to panicles and increased grain yield by stimulating N and P redistribution to panicles.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation increased AMF root colonization.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- inoculatione0
- Outcome
- amF colonizatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“inoculation resulted in greatly increased amF colonization”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation raised shoot to root ratio.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- inoculatione1
- Outcome
- shoot:root ratiose0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“which in turn led to higher shoot:root ratios and greater shoot N contents”
t0“rice”
e1“inoculation resulted in greatly increased amF colonization”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation raised shoot N contents.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- inoculatione1
- Outcome
- shoot N contentse0
- Direction
- greatere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“which in turn led to higher shoot:root ratios and greater shoot N contents”
t0“rice”
e1“inoculation resulted in greatly increased amF colonization”
Claim · model-written summary
In inoculated rice, shoot to root ratio rose with fertilization.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- shoot:root ratiose0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“shoot:root ratios of inoculated rice increased with increasing fertilization”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilization and inoculation interacted significantly on shoot to root ratio.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- fertilization and inoculatione0
- Outcome
- shoot:root ratioe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there was a significant interaction between fertilization and inoculation on shoot:root ratio”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF inoculation increased panicle to shoot biomass ratio.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- amF inoculatione0
- Outcome
- panicle:shoot ratiose0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“amF inoculation increased panicle:shoot ratios, panicle N:shoot N ratios and panicle P:shoot P ratios, especially in plants grown at low fertilizer levels”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF inoculation increased panicle N to shoot N ratio.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- amF inoculatione0
- Outcome
- panicle N:shoot N ratiose0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“amF inoculation increased panicle:shoot ratios, panicle N:shoot N ratios and panicle P:shoot P ratios, especially in plants grown at low fertilizer levels”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF inoculation increased panicle P to shoot P ratio.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- amF inoculatione0
- Outcome
- panicle P:shoot P ratiose0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“amF inoculation increased panicle:shoot ratios, panicle N:shoot N ratios and panicle P:shoot P ratios, especially in plants grown at low fertilizer levels”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculated rice had higher grain yield, with nearly 62% maximum improvement at low fertilizer.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“inoculated rice exhibited higher grain yield, with the maximum improvement (near 62%) at the lower fertilizer end”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculated plants conformed to functional equilibrium theory less than noninoculated plants.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- amFinoculated plantse0
- Outcome
- conform to the functional equilibrium theorye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- non-inoculated plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“amFinoculated plants conform to the functional equilibrium theory, albeit to a reduced extent compared to non-inoculated plants”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors attributed greater panicle biomass allocation and yield to N and P redistribution.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- amF inoculatione0
- Outcome
- increased grain yielde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“amF inoculation resulted in greater allocation of shoot biomass to panicles and increased grain yield by stimulating N and P redistribution to panicles”
t0“rice”
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