Paper · 1975 · New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research

Control of bitter pit in apples with lecithin and calcium

M.S. Reid; C.A.S. Padfield

6
claims
10
verbatim quotes
24
citations
3
research areas
✓
Open access

Abstract

Abstract The incidence of bitter pit in ‘Cox’s Orange Pippin' apples was halved when the apples were dipped after harvest in solutions containing 2.5% CaCl 2 or Ca(NO 3 ) 2 . Addition of egg lecithin to the dips further reduced the incidence of the disorder (to less than one quarter of that in water‐dipped controls). Lecithin addition also alleviated the damage often associated with calcium dips and improved control of two other physiological disorders, breakdown and water core. A dip containing lecithin alone was relatively ineffective. It is suggested that lecithin may assist the movement of applied calcium into apples.

Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗

The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.

Claims 6

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

A postharvest 2.5% CaCl 2 dip halved bitter pit incidence in Cox’s Orange Pippin apples.

Material
‘Cox’s Orange Pippin'e0
Organ / stage
after harveste0
Treatment
2.5% CaCl 2e0
Outcome
incidence of bitter pite0
Direction
halvede0
Value
halvede0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Malus domestica
Malus domestica · TaxonW.carter · CC0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The incidence of bitter pit in ‘Cox’s Orange Pippin' apples was halved when the apples were dipped after harvest in solutions containing 2.5% CaCl 2 or Ca(NO 3 ) 2 .”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 9–174 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

A postharvest Ca(NO 3 ) 2 dip halved bitter pit incidence in Cox’s Orange Pippin apples.

Material
‘Cox’s Orange Pippin'e0
Organ / stage
after harveste0
Treatment
Ca(NO 3 ) 2e0
Outcome
incidence of bitter pite0
Direction
halvede0
Value
halvede0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Malus domestica
Malus domestica · TaxonW.carter · CC0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The incidence of bitter pit in ‘Cox’s Orange Pippin' apples was halved when the apples were dipped after harvest in solutions containing 2.5% CaCl 2 or Ca(NO 3 ) 2 .”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 9–174 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Adding egg lecithin to calcium dips further reduced bitter pit incidence to less than a quarter of water-dipped controls.

Treatment
Addition of egg lecithin to the dipse0
Outcome
incidence of the disordere0
Direction
further reducede0
Value
less than one quartere0
Comparator
water‐dipped controlse0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Malus domestica
Malus domestica · TaxonW.carter · CC0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Addition of egg lecithin to the dips further reduced the incidence of the disorder (to less than one quarter of that in water‐dipped controls).”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 175–318 · show in text ↑
t0

“Control of bitter pit in apples with lecithin and calcium”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–57 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Lecithin addition alleviated damage associated with calcium dips.

Treatment
Lecithin additione0
Outcome
damage often associated with calcium dipse0
Direction
alleviatede0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Malus domestica
Malus domestica · TaxonW.carter · CC0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Lecithin addition also alleviated the damage often associated with calcium dips and improved control of two other physiological disorders, breakdown and water core.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 319–483 · show in text ↑
t0

“Control of bitter pit in apples with lecithin and calcium”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–57 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Lecithin addition improved control of breakdown and water core.

Treatment
Lecithin additione0
Outcome
breakdown and water coree0
Direction
improvede0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Malus domestica
Malus domestica · TaxonW.carter · CC0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Lecithin addition also alleviated the damage often associated with calcium dips and improved control of two other physiological disorders, breakdown and water core.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 319–483 · show in text ↑
t0

“Control of bitter pit in apples with lecithin and calcium”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–57 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

A lecithin-only dip was relatively ineffective for disorder control.

Treatment
A dip containing lecithin alonee0
Outcome
relatively ineffectivee0
Direction
relatively ineffectivee0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Malus domestica
Malus domestica · TaxonW.carter · CC0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“A dip containing lecithin alone was relatively ineffective.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 484–543 · show in text ↑
t0

“Control of bitter pit in apples with lecithin and calcium”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–57 · show in text ↑

calcium atom · disease · Malus domestica (apple)Results differ

39 papers: 28 positive, 11 negative or no effect

27 papers in the same direction as this paper · 10 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. no effect

35 papers more in this group

See all 39 papers →

lecithin · disease · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results

2 papers: 1 positive, 1 negative or no effect

1 in the opposite direction

  1. no effect
See all 2 papers →

calcium dichloride · disease · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results

7 papers: 5 positive, 2 negative or no effect

4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction

  1. no effect
  2. negative
  3. positive

3 papers more in this group

See all 7 papers →

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.