Abstract
Nicotiana benthamiana often displays more intense symptoms after infection by RNA viruses than do other Nicotiana species. Here, we examined the role of RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RdRPs) in N. benthamiana antiviral defense. cDNAs representing only two genes encoding RdRPs were identified in N. benthamiana. One RdRP was similar in sequence to SDE1/SGS2 required for maintenance of transgene silencing, whereas the second, named NbRdRP1m, was >90% identical in sequence to the salicylic acid (SA)-inducible RdRP from Nicotiana tabacum required for defense against viruses. NbRdRP1m expression was induced by SA treatment or challenge with Tobacco mosaic virus, but the gene and transcript sequences differed from those of other SA-inducible RdRPs in that they contained a 72-nt insert with tandem in-frame stop codons in the 5' portion of the ORF. N. benthamiana plants transformed with an SA-inducible RdRP gene from Medicago truncatula were more resistant to infection by Tobacco mosaic virus, Turnip vein-clearing virus, and Sunn hemp mosaic virus (members of Tobamovirus genus), but not to Cucumber mosaic virus and Potato virus X (members of different genera than the tobamoviruses). Our results indicate that N. benthamiana lacks an active SA- and virus-inducible RdRP and thus is hypersusceptible to viruses normally limited in their accumulation by this RdRP. These findings are significant for those studying virus-induced gene silencing, the hypersensitive response and systemic acquired resistance.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Nicotiana benthamiana showed more intense RNA virus symptoms than other Nicotiana species.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamiana
Nicotiana benthamianae0 - Outcome
- symptomse0
- Direction
- more intensee0
- Comparator
- other Nicotiana speciese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nicotiana benthamiana often displays more intense symptoms after infection by RNA viruses than do other Nicotiana species.”
Claim · model-written summary
Only two RdRP genes were identified.
- Taxon
- N. benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae0
- Outcome
- genes encoding RdRPse0
- Value
- two genese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cDNAs representing only two genes encoding RdRPs were identified in N. benthamiana.”
Claim · model-written summary
One RdRP resembled SDE1/SGS2.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Gene
- SDE1/SGS2e0
- Outcome
- similar in sequencee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“One RdRP was similar in sequence to SDE1/SGS2 required for maintenance of transgene silencing”
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana”
Claim · model-written summary
NbRdRP1m had over 90% sequence identity to a tobacco defense RdRP.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Gene
- NbRdRP1me0
- Outcome
- identical in sequencee0
- Value
- >90%e0
- Comparator
- salicylic acid (SA)-inducible RdRP from Nicotiana tabacume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the second, named NbRdRP1m, was >90% identical in sequence to the salicylic acid (SA)-inducible RdRP from Nicotiana tabacum required for defense against viruses.”
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana”
Claim · model-written summary
SA induced NbRdRP1m expression.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Treatment
- SA treatmente0
- Gene
- NbRdRP1me0
- Outcome
- NbRdRP1m expressione0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NbRdRP1m expression was induced by SA treatment or challenge with Tobacco mosaic virus”
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana”
Claim · model-written summary
Tobacco mosaic virus challenge induced NbRdRP1m expression.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Treatment
- challenge with Tobacco mosaic viruse0
- Interactor
- Tobacco mosaic virus
Tobacco mosaic viruse0pathogen - Gene
- NbRdRP1me0
- Outcome
- NbRdRP1m expressione0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NbRdRP1m expression was induced by SA treatment or challenge with Tobacco mosaic virus”
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana”
Claim · model-written summary
NbRdRP1m has a 72-nt insert with in-frame stop codons.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Outcome
- insert with tandem in-frame stop codons in the 5' portion of the ORFe0
- Value
- 72-nte0
Not reportedGene
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“they contained a 72-nt insert with tandem in-frame stop codons in the 5' portion of the ORF.”
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana”
Claim · model-written summary
Medicago RdRP transformation increased resistance to Tobacco mosaic virus.
- Taxon
- N. benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae0
- Treatment
- transformed with an SA-inducible RdRP gene from Medicago truncatulae0
- Interactor
- Tobacco mosaic virusTobacco mosaic viruse0pathogen
- Outcome
- resistant to infection by Tobacco mosaic viruse0
- Direction
- more resistante0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“N. benthamiana plants transformed with an SA-inducible RdRP gene from Medicago truncatula were more resistant to infection by Tobacco mosaic virus, Turnip vein-clearing virus, and Sunn hemp mosaic virus”
Claim · model-written summary
Medicago RdRP transformation increased resistance to Turnip vein-clearing virus.
- Taxon
- N. benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae0
- Treatment
- transformed with an SA-inducible RdRP gene from Medicago truncatulae0
- Interactor
- Turnip vein-clearing virusTurnip vein-clearing viruse0pathogen
- Outcome
- Turnip vein-clearing viruse0
- Direction
- more resistante0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“N. benthamiana plants transformed with an SA-inducible RdRP gene from Medicago truncatula were more resistant to infection by Tobacco mosaic virus, Turnip vein-clearing virus, and Sunn hemp mosaic virus”
Claim · model-written summary
Medicago RdRP transformation increased resistance to Sunn hemp mosaic virus.
- Taxon
- N. benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae0
- Treatment
- transformed with an SA-inducible RdRP gene from Medicago truncatulae0
- Interactor
- Sunn hemp mosaic virus
Crotalaria junceae0pathogen - Outcome
- Sunn hemp mosaic viruse0
- Direction
- more resistante0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“N. benthamiana plants transformed with an SA-inducible RdRP gene from Medicago truncatula were more resistant to infection by Tobacco mosaic virus, Turnip vein-clearing virus, and Sunn hemp mosaic virus”
Claim · model-written summary
Transformation did not increase resistance to Cucumber mosaic virus.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Interactor
- Cucumber mosaic virus
cucumber mosaic cucumoviruse0pathogen - Outcome
- Cucumber mosaic viruse0
Not reportedTreatmentComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but not to Cucumber mosaic virus and Potato virus X”
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana”
Claim · model-written summary
Transformation did not increase resistance to Potato virus X.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Interactor
- Potato virus XPotato virus Xe0pathogen
- Outcome
- Potato virus Xe0
Not reportedTreatmentComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but not to Cucumber mosaic virus and Potato virus X”
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors infer that Nicotiana benthamiana lacks active inducible RdRP and is hypersusceptible to viruses it normally restricts.
- Taxon
- N. benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae0
- Gene
- SA- and virus-inducible RdRPe0
- Outcome
- hypersusceptible to virusese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“N. benthamiana lacks an active SA- and virus-inducible RdRP and thus is hypersusceptible to viruses normally limited in their accumulation by this RdRP.”
The same questions in other papers
salicylic acid · Tobacco mosaic virus · Nicotiana benthamianaResults agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
salicylic acid · molecular: expression · Nicotiana benthamianaResults agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Nicotiana tabacum · Tobacco mosaic virus · Nicotiana benthamianaResults agree
4 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →transgenic · Tobacco mosaic virus · Nicotiana benthamianaPositive and negative results
2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
infection · Tobacco mosaic virus · Nicotiana benthamianaPositive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- negative
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.