Abstract
BACKGROUND: Salicylic acid (SA) regulates multiple anti-viral mechanisms, including mechanism(s) that may be negatively regulated by the mitochondrial enzyme, alternative oxidase (AOX), the sole component of the alternative respiratory pathway. However, studies of this mechanism can be confounded by SA-mediated induction of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase 1, a component of the antiviral RNA silencing pathway. We made transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana plants in which alternative respiratory pathway capacity was either increased by constitutive expression of AOX, or decreased by expression of a dominant-negative mutant protein (AOX-E). N. benthamiana was used because it is a natural mutant that does not express a functional RNA-dependent RNA polymerase 1. RESULTS: Antimycin A (an alternative respiratory pathway inducer and also an inducer of resistance to viruses) and SA triggered resistance to tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). Resistance to TMV induced by antimycin A, but not by SA, was inhibited in Aox transgenic plants while SA-induced resistance to this virus appeared to be stronger in Aox-E transgenic plants. These effects, which were limited to directly inoculated leaves, were not affected by the presence or absence of a transgene constitutively expressing a functional RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (MtRDR1). Unexpectedly, Aox-transgenic plants infected with potato virus X (PVX) showed markedly increased susceptibility to systemic disease induction and virus accumulation in inoculated and systemically infected leaves. SA-induced resistance to PVX was compromised in Aox-transgenic plants but plants expressing AOX-E exhibited enhanced SA-induced resistance to this virus. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that AOX-regulated mechanisms not only play a role in SA-induced resistance but also make an important contribution to basal resistance against certain viruses such as PVX.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Antimycin A triggered resistance to tobacco mosaic virus in N. benthamiana.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamiana
Nicotiana benthamianae1 - Treatment
- Antimycin Ae2
- Interactor
- tobacco mosaic virus
Tobacco mosaic viruse2pathogen - Outcome
- resistance to tobacco mosaic viruse2
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“We made transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana plants”
e2“Antimycin A (an alternative respiratory pathway inducer and also an inducer of resistance to viruses) and SA triggered resistance to tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)”
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylic acid triggered resistance to tobacco mosaic virus in N. benthamiana.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae1
- Treatment
- SAe2
- Interactor
- tobacco mosaic virusTobacco mosaic viruse2pathogen
- Outcome
- resistance to tobacco mosaic viruse2
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“We made transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana plants”
e2“Antimycin A (an alternative respiratory pathway inducer and also an inducer of resistance to viruses) and SA triggered resistance to tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)”
Claim · model-written summary
Resistance to TMV induced by antimycin A was inhibited in Aox transgenic plants.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae1
- Material
- Aox transgenic plantse3
- Treatment
- antimycin Ae3
- Interactor
- TMVTobacco mosaic viruse3pathogen
- Outcome
- Resistance to TMVe3
- Direction
- inhibitede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“We made transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana plants”
e3“Resistance to TMV induced by antimycin A, but not by SA, was inhibited in Aox transgenic plants”
Claim · model-written summary
SA-induced resistance to TMV appeared stronger in AOX-E transgenic plants.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae1
- Material
- Aox-E transgenic plantse4
- Treatment
- SAe4
- Outcome
- resistance to this viruse4
- Direction
- strongere4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“We made transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana plants”
e4“SA-induced resistance to this virus appeared to be stronger in Aox-E transgenic plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Aox-transgenic plants infected with PVX showed markedly increased susceptibility to systemic disease induction and virus accumulation.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae1
- Material
- Aox-transgenic plantse5
- Organ / stage
- inoculated and systemically infected leavese5
- Treatment
- infected with potato virus X (PVX)e5
- Interactor
- potato virus X (PVX)Potato virus Xe5pathogen
- Outcome
- susceptibility to systemic disease induction and virus accumulatione5
- Direction
- increasede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“We made transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana plants”
e5“Aox-transgenic plants infected with potato virus X (PVX) showed markedly increased susceptibility to systemic disease induction and virus accumulation in inoculated and systemically infected leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
SA-induced resistance to PVX was compromised in Aox-transgenic plants.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae1
- Material
- Aox-transgenic plantse6
- Treatment
- SAe6
- Interactor
- PVXPotato virus Xe6pathogen
- Outcome
- SA-induced resistance to PVXe6
- Direction
- compromisede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“We made transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana plants”
e6“SA-induced resistance to PVX was compromised in Aox-transgenic plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Plants expressing AOX-E exhibited enhanced SA-induced resistance to the virus.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae1
- Material
- AOX-Ee7
- Treatment
- SAe7
- Outcome
- SA-induced resistance to this viruse7
- Direction
- enhancede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“We made transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana plants”
e7“but plants expressing AOX-E exhibited enhanced SA-induced resistance to this virus”
Claim · model-written summary
The effects of antimycin A and SA on resistance were not affected by the presence or absence of an MtRDR1 transgene.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae1
- Treatment
- a transgene constitutively expressing a functional RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (MtRDR1)e2
- Outcome
- effectse2
- Direction
- not affectede2
- Qualifier
- limited to directly inoculated leavese2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“We made transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana plants”
e2“These effects, which were limited to directly inoculated leaves, were not affected by the presence or absence of a transgene constitutively expressing a functional RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (MtRDR1)”
The same questions in other papers
salicylic acid · disease · Nicotiana benthamianaPositive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- negative
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →salicylic acid · Tobacco mosaic virus · Nicotiana benthamianaResults agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.