Abstract
A previous mutant screen identified Arabidopsis dnd1 and dnd2 "defense, no death" mutants, which exhibit loss of hypersensitive response (HR) cell death without loss of gene-for-gene resistance. The dnd1 phenotype is caused by mutation of the gene encoding cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) ion channel AtCNGC2. This study characterizes dnd2 plants. Even in the presence of high titers of Pseudomonas syringae expressing avrRpt2, most leaf mesophyll cells in the dnd2 mutant exhibited no HR. These plants retained strong RPS2-, RPM1-, or RPS4-mediated restriction of P. syringae pathogen growth. Mutant dnd2 plants also exhibited enhanced broad-spectrum resistance against virulent P. syringae and constitutively elevated levels of salicylic acid, and pathogenesis-related (PR) gene expression. Unlike the wild type, dnd2 plants responding to virulent and avirulent P. syringae exhibited elevated expression of both salicylate-dependent PR-1 and jasmonate and ethylene-dependent PDF1.2. Introduction of nahG+ (salicylate hydroxylase) into the dnd2 background, which removes salicylic acid and causes other defense alterations, eliminated constitutive disease resistance and PR gene expression but only weakly impacted the HR- phenotype. Map-based cloning revealed that dnd2 phenotypes are caused by mutation of a second CNG ion channel gene, AtCNGC4. Hence, loss of either of two functionally nonredundant CNG ion channels can cause dnd phenotypes. The dnd mutants provide a unique genetic background for dissection of defense signaling.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
The dnd2 mutant leaf mesophyll cells showed no HR despite high titers of P. syringae avrRpt2.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsist0 - Material
- dnd2 mutante1
- Organ / stage
- leaf mesophyll cellse1
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas syringae
Pseudomonas syringaee1pathogen - Outcome
- HRe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis DND2”
e1“Even in the presence of high titers of Pseudomonas syringae expressing avrRpt2, most leaf mesophyll cells in the dnd2 mutant exhibited no HR.”
Claim · model-written summary
dnd2 plants retained RPS2-, RPM1- or RPS4-mediated restriction of P. syringae growth.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Interactor
- P. syringaePseudomonas syringaee2pathogen
- Gene
- RPS2-, RPM1-, or RPS4-mediatede2
- Outcome
- restriction of P. syringae pathogen growthe2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis DND2”
e2“These plants retained strong RPS2-, RPM1-, or RPS4-mediated restriction of P. syringae pathogen growth”
Claim · model-written summary
dnd2 plants showed enhanced broad-spectrum resistance against virulent P. syringae.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- dnd2 plantse3
- Interactor
- P. syringaePseudomonas syringaee3pathogen
- Outcome
- broad-spectrum resistancee3
- Direction
- enhancede3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis DND2”
e3“Mutant dnd2 plants also exhibited enhanced broad-spectrum resistance against virulent P. syringae”
Claim · model-written summary
dnd2 plants had constitutively elevated levels of salicylic acid.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Outcome
- levels of salicylic acide3
- Direction
- elevatede3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis DND2”
e3“constitutively elevated levels of salicylic acid, and pathogenesis-related (PR) gene expression”
Claim · model-written summary
dnd2 plants had constitutively elevated pathogenesis-related (PR) gene expression.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Outcome
- pathogenesis-related (PR) gene expressione3
- Direction
- elevatede3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis DND2”
e3“constitutively elevated levels of salicylic acid, and pathogenesis-related (PR) gene expression”
Claim · model-written summary
dnd2 plants showed elevated PR-1 expression relative to wild type when responding to virulent and avirulent P. syringae.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- virulent and avirulent P. syringaee4
- Interactor
- P. syringaePseudomonas syringaee4pathogen
- Gene
- PR-1e4
- Outcome
- expressione4
- Direction
- elevatede4
- Comparator
- wild typee4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis DND2”
e4“Unlike the wild type, dnd2 plants responding to virulent and avirulent P. syringae exhibited elevated expression of both salicylate-dependent PR-1 and jasmonate and ethylene-dependent PDF1.2”
Claim · model-written summary
dnd2 plants showed elevated PDF1.2 expression relative to wild type when responding to virulent and avirulent P. syringae.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- virulent and avirulent P. syringaee4
- Interactor
- P. syringaePseudomonas syringaee4pathogen
- Gene
- PDF1.2e4
- Outcome
- expressione4
- Direction
- elevatede4
- Comparator
- wild typee4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis DND2”
e4“Unlike the wild type, dnd2 plants responding to virulent and avirulent P. syringae exhibited elevated expression of both salicylate-dependent PR-1 and jasmonate and ethylene-dependent PDF1.2”
Claim · model-written summary
Introducing nahG+ into the dnd2 background eliminated constitutive disease resistance.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- Introduction of nahG+ (salicylate hydroxylase) into the dnd2 backgrounde5
- Outcome
- constitutive disease resistancee5
- Direction
- eliminatede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis DND2”
e5“Introduction of nahG+ (salicylate hydroxylase) into the dnd2 background, which removes salicylic acid and causes other defense alterations, eliminated constitutive disease resistance and PR gene expression but only weakly impacted the HR- phenotype.”
Claim · model-written summary
Introducing nahG+ into the dnd2 background eliminated constitutive PR gene expression.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- Introduction of nahG+ (salicylate hydroxylase) into the dnd2 backgrounde5
- Outcome
- PR gene expressione5
- Direction
- eliminatede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis DND2”
e5“Introduction of nahG+ (salicylate hydroxylase) into the dnd2 background, which removes salicylic acid and causes other defense alterations, eliminated constitutive disease resistance and PR gene expression but only weakly impacted the HR- phenotype.”
Claim · model-written summary
Introducing nahG+ into the dnd2 background only weakly impacted the HR- phenotype.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- Introduction of nahG+ (salicylate hydroxylase) into the dnd2 backgrounde5
- Outcome
- HR- phenotypee5
- Qualifier
- only weaklye5
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis DND2”
e5“Introduction of nahG+ (salicylate hydroxylase) into the dnd2 background, which removes salicylic acid and causes other defense alterations, eliminated constitutive disease resistance and PR gene expression but only weakly impacted the HR- phenotype.”
Claim · model-written summary
dnd2 phenotypes are caused by mutation of the second CNG ion channel gene AtCNGC4.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- AtCNGC4e6
- Outcome
- dnd2 phenotypese6
- Qualifier
- caused by mutation of a second CNG ion channel genee6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis DND2”
e6“Map-based cloning revealed that dnd2 phenotypes are caused by mutation of a second CNG ion channel gene, AtCNGC4”
Claim · model-written summary
Loss of either of two functionally nonredundant CNG ion channels can cause dnd phenotypes.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- two functionally nonredundant CNG ion channelse7
- Outcome
- dnd phenotypese7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis DND2”
e7“Hence, loss of either of two functionally nonredundant CNG ion channels can cause dnd phenotypes”
The same questions in other papers
salicylate · disease · ArabidopsisPositive and negative results
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
- negative
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.