Abstract
In an effort to protect field corn ( Zea mays L.) from wireworm ( Agriotes obscurus L.) herbivory and yield loss, seeds were treated with conidia of Metarhizium anisopliae strain F52 alone or in combination with clothianidin or spinosad before planting at three farm fields in south coastal British Columbia, Canada. Corn seed treated with M. anisopliae conidia (main effect) resulted in significant increases in stand density (78% M. anisopliae treated vs. 67% no M. anisopliae ) and stock and foliage area fresh wt. yield (9.6 Mg ha −1 M. anisopliae treated vs. 7.6 Mg ha −1 no M. anisopliae ), and significantly increased plant (stock and foliage) fresh wt. when it was applied together with spinosad or with no additional agrichemical at one location. Spinosad had no effect on corn yield, whereas clothianidin caused a significant increase in plant stand density and yield. Wireworm cadavers showing M. anisopliae strain F52 growth were retrieved from treated plots, suggesting that the increase in yield may have been due to wireworm control. Laboratory experiments provided no evidence that the increase in stand density and yield from the M. anisopliae ‐treated corn seed was attributable to an increase in germination rate or root growth. We concluded that seed treatment with this fungus may be a novel method to increase stand density and yield of corn.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Seed treatment with M. anisopliae conidia significantly increased corn stand density (78% vs 67% without).
- Taxon
- field corne0
- Treatment
- Corn seed treated with M. anisopliae conidiae1
- Interactor
- Agriotes obscurus
Agriotes obscuruse0herbivore - Second interactor
- Metarhizium anisopliae
Metarhizium anisopliaee0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- stand densitye1
- Direction
- increasese1
- Value
- 78%e1
- Qualifier
- 67%e1
- Comparator
- no M. anisopliaee1
- Setting
- three farm fields in south coastal British Columbia, Canadae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In an effort to protect field corn ( Zea mays L.) from wireworm ( Agriotes obscurus L.) herbivory and yield loss, seeds were treated with conidia of Metarhizium anisopliae strain F52 alone or in combination with clothianidin or spinosad before planting at three farm fields in south coastal British Columbia, Canada”
e1“Corn seed treated with M. anisopliae conidia (main effect) resulted in significant increases in stand density (78% M. anisopliae treated vs. 67% no M. anisopliae ) and stock and foliage area fresh wt. yield (9.6 Mg ha −1 M. anisopliae treated vs. 7.6 Mg ha −1 no M. anisopliae )”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed treatment with M. anisopliae conidia significantly increased stock and foliage fresh weight yield (9.6 vs 7.6 Mg ha-1).
Verbatim
e0“In an effort to protect field corn ( Zea mays L.) from wireworm ( Agriotes obscurus L.) herbivory and yield loss, seeds were treated with conidia of Metarhizium anisopliae strain F52 alone or in combination with clothianidin or spinosad before planting at three farm fields in south coastal British Columbia, Canada”
e1“Corn seed treated with M. anisopliae conidia (main effect) resulted in significant increases in stand density (78% M. anisopliae treated vs. 67% no M. anisopliae ) and stock and foliage area fresh wt. yield (9.6 Mg ha −1 M. anisopliae treated vs. 7.6 Mg ha −1 no M. anisopliae )”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed treatment with M. anisopliae together with spinosad or with no additional agrichemical significantly increased plant fresh weight at one location.
Verbatim
e0“In an effort to protect field corn ( Zea mays L.) from wireworm ( Agriotes obscurus L.) herbivory and yield loss, seeds were treated with conidia of Metarhizium anisopliae strain F52 alone or in combination with clothianidin or spinosad before planting at three farm fields in south coastal British Columbia, Canada”
e2“significantly increased plant (stock and foliage) fresh wt. when it was applied together with spinosad or with no additional agrichemical at one location”
Claim · model-written summary
Spinosad had no effect on corn yield.
- Taxon
- corn
Zea mays subsp. mayse3 - Treatment
- Spinosade3
- Outcome
- corn yielde3
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Spinosad had no effect on corn yield, whereas clothianidin caused a significant increase in plant stand density and yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Clothianidin significantly increased plant stand density and yield.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse3
- Treatment
- clothianidine3
- Outcome
- plant stand density and yielde3
- Direction
- increasee3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Spinosad had no effect on corn yield, whereas clothianidin caused a significant increase in plant stand density and yield”
Claim · model-written summary
The increase in corn yield may have been due to wireworm control by M. anisopliae.
Verbatim
e0“In an effort to protect field corn ( Zea mays L.) from wireworm ( Agriotes obscurus L.) herbivory and yield loss, seeds were treated with conidia of Metarhizium anisopliae strain F52 alone or in combination with clothianidin or spinosad before planting at three farm fields in south coastal British Columbia, Canada”
e4“Wireworm cadavers showing M. anisopliae strain F52 growth were retrieved from treated plots, suggesting that the increase in yield may have been due to wireworm control”
Claim · model-written summary
Laboratory experiments gave no evidence that the corn stand and yield increase was due to higher germination rate or root growth.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse5
- Outcome
- germination rate or root growthe5
- Setting
- Laboratory experimentse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Laboratory experiments provided no evidence that the increase in stand density and yield from the M. anisopliae ‐treated corn seed was attributable to an increase in germination rate or root growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed treatment with this fungus may be a novel method to increase corn stand density and yield.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse6
- Outcome
- stand density and yielde6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“We concluded that seed treatment with this fungus may be a novel method to increase stand density and yield of corn”
The same questions in other papers
spinosad · yield · Zea mays (maize)Results differ
17 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
14 papers more in this group
See all 18 papers →Zea mays subsp. mays · yield · Zea mays (maize)Results differ
195 papers in the same direction as this paper · 85 in the opposite direction · 11 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- no effect
- negative
288 papers more in this group
See all 292 papers →clothianidin · yield · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- no effect
- no effect
Metarhizium anisopliae · yield · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.