Abstract
ABSTRACT The effect of ultraviolet‐B radiation (UV‐B: 280–320nm) on gene expression and pigment composition has been investigated in pea tissue at different stages of development. Pea ( Pisum sativum L., cv. Feltham First) seedlings were grown for 17d and then exposed to supplementary UV‐B radiation. Chlorophyll a per unit fresh weight decreased by more than 20% compared with control levels after exposure to UV‐B radiation for 7d. In contrast, chlorophyll b content remained the same or increased slightly. Leaf protein biosynthesis, as determined by 35 S‐methionine incorporation, was rapidly inhibited by UV‐B radiation, although the steady‐state levels of proteins were either unchanged or only slightly altered. RNA transcripts for the chlorophyll a/b binding protein ( cab ) were also rapidly reduced to low or even undetectable levels in the expanded third leaf or younger leaf bud tissue after exposure to UV‐B radiation. In contrast, cab RNA transcripts were either low or undetectable in etiolated pea tissue, but increased substantially in light and during exposure to UV‐B radiation. The cab RNA transcripts were still present at control levels in pea plants after 7d of greening under supplementary UV‐B radiation or UV‐B alone. The protein composition changed significantly over the 7d of greening, but no differences could be detected between the light treatments. The increase in chlorophyll content was slightly greater during de‐etiolation under supplementary UV‐B radiation than under control irradiance. Under UV‐B radiation alone, chlorophyll was synthesized at a greatly reduced rate. Changes in protective pigments were also determined. Anthocyanins did not change in either etiolated or green tissue exposed to UV‐B radiation. However, other flavonoids increased substantially in either tissue during exposure to light and UV‐B radiation. The RNA levels for chalcone synthase were measured in green and etiolated tissue exposed to UV‐B radiation. The chs RNA transcripts were present in low or undetectable amounts in control tissues. In green leaf tissue exposed to supplementary UV‐B, a transient increase was detected. The transcripts for chs reached a maximum level after approximately 8 h UV‐B exposure, and then declined to lower levels over subsequent days of diurnal photoperiods. However, a constant increase in chs was found after continuous exposure to UV‐B for up to 30 h. In etiolated tissue, either white‐light, supplementary UV‐B or UV‐B alone gave small increases in chs , only 8 h of UV‐B radiation alone gave any substantial increase in chs expression. Overall, these results clearly demonstrate that the response to increased levels of UV‐B radiation is dependent upon the developmental stage of the tissue and involves complex changes in gene expression.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Seven days of UV-B lowered chlorophyll a per fresh weight by more than 20% relative to control.
- Taxon
- pea
Lathyrus oleraceust0 - Treatment
- UV‐B radiatione0
- Outcome
- Chlorophyll a per unit fresh weighte0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- more than 20%e0
- Qualifier
- 7de0
- Comparator
- control levelse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chlorophyll a per unit fresh weight decreased by more than 20% compared with control levels after exposure to UV‐B radiation for 7d.”
t0“pea”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorophyll b remained unchanged or slightly increased under UV-B.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- UV‐Be1
- Outcome
- chlorophyll b contente0
- Direction
- remained the same or increased slightlye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“chlorophyll b content remained the same or increased slightly.”
t0“pea”
e1“Chlorophyll a per unit fresh weight decreased by more than 20% compared with control levels after exposure to UV‐B radiation for 7d.”
Claim · model-written summary
UV-B rapidly inhibited leaf protein biosynthesis.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- UV‐B radiatione0
- Outcome
- Leaf protein biosynthesise0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaf protein biosynthesis, as determined by 35 S‐methionine incorporation, was rapidly inhibited by UV‐B radiation”
t0“pea”
Claim · model-written summary
Steady state protein levels were unchanged or slightly altered under UV-B.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceust0
- Outcome
- steady‐state levels of proteinse0
- Direction
- unchanged or only slightly alterede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the steady‐state levels of proteins were either unchanged or only slightly altered.”
t0“pea”
Claim · model-written summary
UV-B rapidly reduced cab transcripts in expanded third leaves and younger leaf buds.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceust0
- Organ / stage
- expanded third leaf or younger leaf bud tissuee0
- Treatment
- UV‐B radiatione0
- Gene
- cabe0
- Outcome
- RNA transcripts for the chlorophyll a/b binding protein ( cab )e0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“RNA transcripts for the chlorophyll a/b binding protein ( cab ) were also rapidly reduced to low or even undetectable levels in the expanded third leaf or younger leaf bud tissue after exposure to UV‐B radiation.”
t0“pea”
Claim · model-written summary
Cab transcripts in etiolated tissue increased in light and during UV-B exposure.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Organ / stage
- etiolated pea tissuee0
- Gene
- cabe0
- Outcome
- cab RNA transcriptse0
- Direction
- increased substantiallye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cab RNA transcripts were either low or undetectable in etiolated pea tissue, but increased substantially in light and during exposure to UV‐B radiation.”
Claim · model-written summary
Cab transcripts remained at control levels after seven days of greening under supplementary UV-B or UV-B alone.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Gene
- cabe0
- Outcome
- cab RNA transcriptse0
- Direction
- control levelse0
- Qualifier
- after 7d of greeninge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The cab RNA transcripts were still present at control levels in pea plants after 7d of greening under supplementary UV‐B radiation or UV‐B alone.”
Claim · model-written summary
Protein composition changed significantly over seven days of greening without differences between light treatments.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceust0
- Outcome
- protein compositione0
- Direction
- changede0
- Qualifier
- no differences could be detected between the light treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The protein composition changed significantly over the 7d of greening, but no differences could be detected between the light treatments.”
t0“pea”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorophyll increased slightly more during de-etiolation with supplementary UV-B than under control irradiance.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- supplementary UV‐B radiatione0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- slightly greatere0
- Comparator
- control irradiancee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The increase in chlorophyll content was slightly greater during de‐etiolation under supplementary UV‐B radiation than under control irradiance.”
t0“pea”
Claim · model-written summary
UV-B alone greatly reduced the rate of chlorophyll synthesis.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- UV‐B radiation alonee0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll was synthesizede0
- Direction
- greatly reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under UV‐B radiation alone, chlorophyll was synthesized at a greatly reduced rate.”
t0“pea”
Claim · model-written summary
Anthocyanins did not change in UV-B exposed etiolated or green tissue.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceust0
- Outcome
- Anthocyaninse0
- Direction
- did not changee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Anthocyanins did not change in either etiolated or green tissue exposed to UV‐B radiation.”
t0“pea”
Claim · model-written summary
Other flavonoids substantially increased in either tissue during light and UV-B exposure.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceust0
- Outcome
- other flavonoidse0
- Direction
- increased substantiallye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“other flavonoids increased substantially in either tissue during exposure to light and UV‐B radiation.”
t0“pea”
Claim · model-written summary
Green leaves showed a transient chs transcript increase under supplementary UV-B.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceust0
- Organ / stage
- green leaf tissuee0
- Treatment
- supplementary UV‐Be0
- Outcome
- increasee0
- Direction
- transient increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In green leaf tissue exposed to supplementary UV‐B, a transient increase was detected.”
t0“pea”
Claim · model-written summary
Chs transcripts peaked around eight hours then declined over subsequent days.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceust0
- Gene
- chse0
- Outcome
- transcripts for chse0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Qualifier
- approximately 8 h UV‐B exposuree0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The transcripts for chs reached a maximum level after approximately 8 h UV‐B exposure, and then declined to lower levels over subsequent days of diurnal photoperiods.”
t0“pea”
Claim · model-written summary
Continuous UV-B increased chs transcripts for up to 30 hours.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a constant increase in chs was found after continuous exposure to UV‐B for up to 30 h.”
t0“pea”
Claim · model-written summary
White light, supplementary UV-B, and UV-B alone each gave small chs increases in etiolated tissue.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceust0
- Organ / stage
- etiolated tissuee0
- Gene
- chse0
- Outcome
- chse0
- Direction
- small increasese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In etiolated tissue, either white‐light, supplementary UV‐B or UV‐B alone gave small increases in chs”
t0“pea”
Claim · model-written summary
Eight hours of UV-B alone substantially increased chs expression in etiolated tissue.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- 8 h of UV‐B radiation alonee0
- Gene
- chse0
- Outcome
- chs expressione0
- Direction
- substantial increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“only 8 h of UV‐B radiation alone gave any substantial increase in chs expression.”
t0“pea”
The same questions in other papers
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.