Abstract
SUMMARY An experiment was conducted at six widely separated centres in England and Wales for 4 years to compare the response of a perennial ryegrass (cv. S. 23) sward to fertilizer N at input rates of 200, 400 and 600 kg N/ha under cutting-only or grazing-only management systems. Under both managements the yield response to N varied substantially and was always greater under cutting than grazing and the response was greater in the first than in subsequent years. Under cutting, significant responses were obtained from 200 to 400 kg N/ha at all sites and in all years but very few sites responded significantly from 400 to 600 kg N/ha after the first year. Under grazing there was on average of all sites (but not at every site) a significant response from 200 to 400 kg N/ha only in the first year. In subsequent years no single site gave a worthwhile response in each year. Under grazing no site showed a significant response from 400 to 600 kg N/ha. At the lowest application of nitrogen, 200 kg N/ha, dry-matter yields under grazing were greater than those under cutting on eight of the possible 24 centre-year occasions. At the two higher rates of applied nitrogen dry-matter yields under cutting were consistently greater than those under grazing. With smaller responses to applied nitrogen on grazed than on cut swards maximum yields were achieved under grazing with an input of about 200 kg N/ha less than under cutting management. The results suggest that cutting experiments cannot be used to predict herbage yields and responses to fertilizer nitrogen under grazing conditions.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
The yield response to fertilizer N was greater under cutting than under grazing.
- Taxon
- perennial ryegrass
Lolium perennee1 - Material
- cv. S. 23e1
- Treatment
- cutting-onlye1
- Outcome
- yield response to Ne2
- Direction
- greatere2
- Comparator
- grazinge2
- Setting
- six widely separated centres in England and Walese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“An experiment was conducted at six widely separated centres in England and Wales for 4 years to compare the response of a perennial ryegrass (cv. S. 23) sward to fertilizer N at input rates of 200, 400 and 600 kg N/ha under cutting-only or grazing-only management systems”
e2“Under both managements the yield response to N varied substantially and was always greater under cutting than grazing”
Claim · model-written summary
The response to N was greater in the first year than in subsequent years.
- Taxon
- perennial ryegrassLolium perennee1
- Outcome
- responsee3
- Direction
- greatere3
- Comparator
- subsequent yearse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“An experiment was conducted at six widely separated centres in England and Wales for 4 years to compare the response of a perennial ryegrass (cv. S. 23) sward to fertilizer N at input rates of 200, 400 and 600 kg N/ha under cutting-only or grazing-only management systems”
e3“the response was greater in the first than in subsequent years”
Claim · model-written summary
Under cutting, significant yield responses were obtained from 200 to 400 kg N/ha at all sites and in all years.
- Taxon
- perennial ryegrassLolium perennee1
- Treatment
- Under cuttinge4
- Outcome
- significant responses were obtainede4
- Qualifier
- from 200 to 400 kg N/ha at all sites and in all yearse4
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“An experiment was conducted at six widely separated centres in England and Wales for 4 years to compare the response of a perennial ryegrass (cv. S. 23) sward to fertilizer N at input rates of 200, 400 and 600 kg N/ha under cutting-only or grazing-only management systems”
e4“Under cutting, significant responses were obtained from 200 to 400 kg N/ha at all sites and in all years but very few sites responded significantly from 400 to 600 kg N/ha after the first year”
Claim · model-written summary
Under cutting, very few sites responded significantly to N from 400 to 600 kg N/ha after the first year.
- Taxon
- perennial ryegrassLolium perennee1
- Treatment
- from 400 to 600 kg N/hae4
- Outcome
- very few sites responded significantlye4
- Qualifier
- after the first yeare4
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“An experiment was conducted at six widely separated centres in England and Wales for 4 years to compare the response of a perennial ryegrass (cv. S. 23) sward to fertilizer N at input rates of 200, 400 and 600 kg N/ha under cutting-only or grazing-only management systems”
e4“Under cutting, significant responses were obtained from 200 to 400 kg N/ha at all sites and in all years but very few sites responded significantly from 400 to 600 kg N/ha after the first year”
Claim · model-written summary
Under grazing, a significant response from 200 to 400 kg N/ha occurred on average across sites only in the first year.
- Taxon
- perennial ryegrassLolium perennee1
- Treatment
- Under grazinge5
- Outcome
- a significant responsee5
- Qualifier
- only in the first yeare5
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“An experiment was conducted at six widely separated centres in England and Wales for 4 years to compare the response of a perennial ryegrass (cv. S. 23) sward to fertilizer N at input rates of 200, 400 and 600 kg N/ha under cutting-only or grazing-only management systems”
e5“Under grazing there was on average of all sites (but not at every site) a significant response from 200 to 400 kg N/ha only in the first year”
Claim · model-written summary
Under grazing, no site showed a significant response from 400 to 600 kg N/ha.
- Taxon
- perennial ryegrassLolium perennee1
- Treatment
- Under grazinge6
- Outcome
- no site showed a significant responsee6
- Qualifier
- from 400 to 600 kg N/hae6
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“An experiment was conducted at six widely separated centres in England and Wales for 4 years to compare the response of a perennial ryegrass (cv. S. 23) sward to fertilizer N at input rates of 200, 400 and 600 kg N/ha under cutting-only or grazing-only management systems”
e6“Under grazing no site showed a significant response from 400 to 600 kg N/ha”
Claim · model-written summary
At the lowest N rate of 200 kg N/ha, dry-matter yields under grazing were greater than under cutting on eight of 24 centre-year occasions.
- Taxon
- perennial ryegrassLolium perennee1
- Treatment
- At the lowest application of nitrogen, 200 kg N/hae7
- Outcome
- dry-matter yields under grazinge7
- Direction
- greatere7
- Value
- eight of the possible 24 centre-year occasionse7
- Comparator
- those under cuttinge7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“An experiment was conducted at six widely separated centres in England and Wales for 4 years to compare the response of a perennial ryegrass (cv. S. 23) sward to fertilizer N at input rates of 200, 400 and 600 kg N/ha under cutting-only or grazing-only management systems”
e7“At the lowest application of nitrogen, 200 kg N/ha, dry-matter yields under grazing were greater than those under cutting on eight of the possible 24 centre-year occasions”
Claim · model-written summary
At the two higher N rates, dry-matter yields under cutting were consistently greater than under grazing.
- Taxon
- perennial ryegrassLolium perennee1
- Treatment
- At the two higher rates of applied nitrogene2
- Outcome
- dry-matter yields under cuttinge2
- Direction
- consistently greatere2
- Comparator
- under grazinge2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“An experiment was conducted at six widely separated centres in England and Wales for 4 years to compare the response of a perennial ryegrass (cv. S. 23) sward to fertilizer N at input rates of 200, 400 and 600 kg N/ha under cutting-only or grazing-only management systems”
e2“At the two higher rates of applied nitrogen dry-matter yields under cutting were consistently greater than those under grazing”
Claim · model-written summary
On grazed swards, maximum yields were reached with about 200 kg N/ha less than under cutting management.
- Taxon
- perennial ryegrassLolium perennee1
- Treatment
- under grazinge3
- Outcome
- maximum yieldse3
- Direction
- lesse3
- Value
- 200 kg N/hae3
- Comparator
- under cutting managemente3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“An experiment was conducted at six widely separated centres in England and Wales for 4 years to compare the response of a perennial ryegrass (cv. S. 23) sward to fertilizer N at input rates of 200, 400 and 600 kg N/ha under cutting-only or grazing-only management systems”
e3“maximum yields were achieved under grazing with an input of about 200 kg N/ha less than under cutting management”
Claim · model-written summary
Cutting experiments cannot be used to predict herbage yields and N responses under grazing conditions.
- Taxon
- perennial ryegrassLolium perennee1
- Outcome
- predict herbage yieldse4
- Comparator
- under grazing conditionse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“An experiment was conducted at six widely separated centres in England and Wales for 4 years to compare the response of a perennial ryegrass (cv. S. 23) sward to fertilizer N at input rates of 200, 400 and 600 kg N/ha under cutting-only or grazing-only management systems”
e4“cutting experiments cannot be used to predict herbage yields and responses to fertilizer nitrogen under grazing conditions”
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See all 39 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.