Abstract
The growth and fruiting of 10-year-old 'McIntosh'/ M.7 apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) trees were compared under the following weed management systems: untreated control; in-row herbicide spray (paraquat + oryzalin); in-row rotary tilling applied in May, June and July; in-row rotary tilling plus oryzalin; in-row rotary tilling plus oats sown in August. All weed control methods increased tree growth compared to the untreated control over three years. In 1989 and 1990, rotary tilling alone provided less weed control compared to the herbicide treatment, while in July 1991, the reverse was true. In-row rotary tilling with herbicide and with oats resulted in weed control comparable to or better than the herbicide treatment except for the in-row rotary tilled plus oats treatment in 1990. All weed control methods resulted in lower weed density ratings compared to the control. Yield and fruit size were increased by all weed control methods except the rotary tilled plus oats treatment. In-row rotary tilling plus oats produced yield and fruit size equivalent to the control. Differences in leaf and fruit mineral nutrient concentrations were significant in some years. All weed control methods reduced soil K concentrations. There were no differences among treatments in fruit color, set, maturity, and percent soluble solids.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
All weed control methods increased apple tree growth against the untreated control.
- Taxon
- apple
Malus domesticat0 - Treatment
- All weed control methodse0
- Outcome
- tree growthe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- untreated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All weed control methods increased tree growth compared to the untreated control over three years”
t0“Effect of Five Weed Control Methods on Growth and Fruiting of 'McIntosh'/M.7 Apple Trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Rotary tilling alone controlled weeds less than herbicide in 1989 and 1990.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- rotary tilling alonee0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- weed controle0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Comparator
- herbicide treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 1989 and 1990, rotary tilling alone provided less weed control compared to the herbicide treatment”
t0“Effect of Five Weed Control Methods on Growth and Fruiting of 'McIntosh'/M.7 Apple Trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Rotary tilling alone controlled weeds better than herbicide in July 1991.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- rotary tilling alonee0
- Outcome
- weed controle0
- Comparator
- herbicide treatmente0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 1989 and 1990, rotary tilling alone provided less weed control compared to the herbicide treatment, while in July 1991, the reverse was true”
t0“Effect of Five Weed Control Methods on Growth and Fruiting of 'McIntosh'/M.7 Apple Trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Rotary tilling with herbicide gave weed control comparable to or better than herbicide alone.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- In-row rotary tilling with herbicidee0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- weed controle0
- Direction
- comparable to or bettere0
- Comparator
- herbicide treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In-row rotary tilling with herbicide and with oats resulted in weed control comparable to or better than the herbicide treatment”
t0“Effect of Five Weed Control Methods on Growth and Fruiting of 'McIntosh'/M.7 Apple Trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Rotary tilling with oats generally gave weed control comparable to or better than herbicide.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- with oatse0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- weed controle0
- Direction
- comparable to or bettere0
- Qualifier
- except for the in-row rotary tilled plus oats treatment in 1990e0
- Comparator
- herbicide treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In-row rotary tilling with herbicide and with oats resulted in weed control comparable to or better than the herbicide treatment except for the in-row rotary tilled plus oats treatment in 1990”
t0“Effect of Five Weed Control Methods on Growth and Fruiting of 'McIntosh'/M.7 Apple Trees”
Claim · model-written summary
All weed control methods lowered weed density ratings relative to control.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- All weed control methodse0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- weed density ratingse0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All weed control methods resulted in lower weed density ratings compared to the control”
t0“Effect of Five Weed Control Methods on Growth and Fruiting of 'McIntosh'/M.7 Apple Trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed control methods other than rotary tilling plus oats increased apple yield and fruit size.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- all weed control methodse0
- Outcome
- Yield and fruit sizee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- except the rotary tilled plus oats treatmente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yield and fruit size were increased by all weed control methods except the rotary tilled plus oats treatment”
t0“Effect of Five Weed Control Methods on Growth and Fruiting of 'McIntosh'/M.7 Apple Trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Rotary tilling plus oats produced apple yield and fruit size equivalent to control.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- In-row rotary tilling plus oatse0
- Outcome
- yield and fruit sizee0
- Direction
- equivalente0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In-row rotary tilling plus oats produced yield and fruit size equivalent to the control”
t0“Effect of Five Weed Control Methods on Growth and Fruiting of 'McIntosh'/M.7 Apple Trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf and fruit mineral concentrations differed significantly in some years.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- leaf and fruit mineral nutrient concentrationse0
- Qualifier
- in some yearse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Differences in leaf and fruit mineral nutrient concentrations were significant in some years”
t0“Effect of Five Weed Control Methods on Growth and Fruiting of 'McIntosh'/M.7 Apple Trees”
Claim · model-written summary
All weed control methods reduced soil potassium concentrations.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- All weed control methodse0
- Outcome
- soil K concentrationse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All weed control methods reduced soil K concentrations”
t0“Effect of Five Weed Control Methods on Growth and Fruiting of 'McIntosh'/M.7 Apple Trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Fruit color, set, maturity and soluble solids did not differ among treatments.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- fruit color, set, maturity, and percent soluble solidse0
- Direction
- no differencese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There were no differences among treatments in fruit color, set, maturity, and percent soluble solids”
t0“Effect of Five Weed Control Methods on Growth and Fruiting of 'McIntosh'/M.7 Apple Trees”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.