Abstract
The growth and fruiting of 10-year-old `Mcintosh'/M.7 apple trees were compared under the following weed management systems: 1)untreated control; 2) herbicide spray (paraquat + oryzalin); 3) rotary tilling applied in May, June and July; 4) rotary tilling plus herbicide (oryzalin); 5) rotary tilling plus oats sown in August. All weed control methods increased tree growth compared to the untreated control over three years. Yield and fruit size were increased by the herbicide and the rotary tilled treatment. Rotary tilling plus herbicide increased yield but fruit size was larger than controls in 1990 only. Rotary tilling plus oats produced yield and fruit size equivalent to the control. In 1989 and 1990 rotary tilling alone provided less weed control compared to the herbicide treatment, while in July 1991, the reverse was true. Rotary tilling with herbicide and with oats have demonstrated weed control comparable to or better than the herbicide treatment except for the rotary tilled plus oats treatment in 1990. There were no differences among treatments in fruit color, maturity and percent soluble solids.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
All weed-control methods increased apple tree growth relative to untreated control over three years.
- Taxon
- APPLE TREES
Malus domesticat0 - Treatment
- All weed control methodse0
- Outcome
- tree growthe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- over three yearse0
- Comparator
- untreated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All weed control methods increased tree growth compared to the untreated control over three years”
t0“APPLE TREES”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicide and rotary tilling increased apple yield and fruit size.
- Taxon
- APPLE TREESMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- herbicide and the rotary tilled treatmente0
- Outcome
- Yield and fruit sizee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yield and fruit size were increased by the herbicide and the rotary tilled treatment”
t0“APPLE TREES”
Claim · model-written summary
Rotary tilling plus herbicide increased apple yield.
- Taxon
- APPLE TREESMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Rotary tilling plus herbicidee0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rotary tilling plus herbicide increased yield”
t0“APPLE TREES”
Claim · model-written summary
Rotary tilling plus herbicide increased apple fruit size relative to controls only in 1990.
- Taxon
- APPLE TREESMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Rotary tilling plus herbicidee1
- Outcome
- fruit sizee0
- Direction
- largere0
- Qualifier
- in 1990 onlye0
- Comparator
- controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fruit size was larger than controls in 1990 only”
e1“Rotary tilling plus herbicide increased yield”
t0“APPLE TREES”
Claim · model-written summary
Rotary tilling plus oats produced apple yield and fruit size equivalent to control.
- Taxon
- APPLE TREESMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Rotary tilling plus oatse0
- Outcome
- yield and fruit sizee0
- Direction
- equivalente0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rotary tilling plus oats produced yield and fruit size equivalent to the control”
t0“APPLE TREES”
Claim · model-written summary
Rotary tilling alone controlled weeds less than herbicide in 1989 and 1990.
- Taxon
- APPLE TREESMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- rotary tilling alonee0
- Outcome
- weed controle0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Qualifier
- In 1989 and 1990e0
- Comparator
- herbicide treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 1989 and 1990 rotary tilling alone provided less weed control compared to the herbicide treatment”
t0“APPLE TREES”
Claim · model-written summary
Rotary tilling alone controlled weeds more than herbicide in July 1991.
- Taxon
- APPLE TREESMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- rotary tilling alonee1
- Outcome
- weed controle1
- Qualifier
- July 1991e0
- Comparator
- herbicide treatmente1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“while in July 1991, the reverse was true”
e1“rotary tilling alone provided less weed control compared to the herbicide treatment”
t0“APPLE TREES”
Claim · model-written summary
Rotary tilling with herbicide gave weed control comparable to or better than herbicide alone.
- Taxon
- APPLE TREESMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Rotary tilling with herbicidee0
- Outcome
- weed controle0
- Direction
- comparable to or bettere0
- Comparator
- herbicide treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rotary tilling with herbicide and with oats have demonstrated weed control comparable to or better than the herbicide treatment”
t0“APPLE TREES”
Claim · model-written summary
Rotary tilling with oats gave weed control comparable to or better than herbicide except in 1990.
- Taxon
- APPLE TREESMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- rotary tilled plus oats treatmente0
- Outcome
- weed controle0
- Direction
- comparable to or bettere0
- Qualifier
- in 1990e0
- Comparator
- herbicide treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“with oats have demonstrated weed control comparable to or better than the herbicide treatment except for the rotary tilled plus oats treatment in 1990”
t0“APPLE TREES”
Claim · model-written summary
Fruit color, maturity and soluble solids did not differ among treatments.
- Taxon
- APPLE TREESMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- treatmentse0
- Outcome
- fruit color, maturity and percent soluble solidse0
- Direction
- no differencese0
- Comparator
- among treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There were no differences among treatments in fruit color, maturity and percent soluble solids”
t0“APPLE TREES”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.