Abstract
Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of various glyphosate plus fungicide coapplications on weed control, spray penetration, phytotoxicity, and yield in glyphosate‐resistant soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] during 2004 and 2005. Glyphosate was applied alone or in combination with the fungicides chlorothalonil [tetrachloroisophthalonitrile], metconazole [5‐[(4‐chlorophenyl)methyl]‐2,2‐dimethyl‐1‐(1H‐1,24‐triazol‐1‐ylmethyl) cyclopentanol], myclobutanil [2‐(4‐chlorophenyl)‐2‐(1H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐1‐yl methyl) hexanenitrile], propiconazole (1‐[[2‐(2,4‐dichlorophenyl)‐4‐propyl‐1,3‐dioxolan‐2‐yl]methyl]‐1H‐1,2,4‐triazole), pyraclostrobin (carbamic acid, [2,[[[1‐(4‐chlorophenyl)‐1H‐pyrazol‐3‐yl]oxy]methyl]phenyl]methoxy‐, methyl ester), tebuconazole [1‐(4‐chlorophenyl)‐4,4‐dimethyl‐3‐(1,2,4,j‐triazol‐1‐ylmethyl)pentan‐3‐ol]‐tetrafluoroetho, tetraconazole [(1‐[2‐(2,4‐dichlorophenyl)‐3‐(1,1,2,2‐tetrafluoroethoxy)propylj]‐1H‐1,2,4‐triazole)], azoxystrobin (methyl (E)‐2‐{2‐[6‐(2‐cyanophenoxy) pyrimidin‐4‐yloxy]phenyl}‐3‐methoxyacrylate) plus propiconazole, propiconazole plus trifloxystrobin [methyl (E)‐methoxyimino‐{(EE)‐alpha‐[1‐alpha,alpha,alpha‐trifluoro‐m‐tolyl) ethy lideneaminooxy]‐o‐tolyl}acetate], and pyraclostrobin plus boscalid at two application timings recommended for optimum weed control. Across all locations and years, similar levels of visual weed control and weed density at harvest were recorded with all glyphosate plus fungicide combinations compared with glyphosate alone. Little soybean plant injury or leaf area index reduction was observed with any glyphosate and fungicide coapplication when compared with glyphosate alone. Only coapplications of either glyphosate and pyraclostrobin or azoxystrobin plus propiconazole increased yields when compared with glyphosate alone. Greater spray penetration was achieved with early compared with late applications. No more than 10% spray card coverage was achieved at any canopy height with late applications. Although the optimum timing of fungicide application(s) will largely be dependent on the time of disease infection, these results suggest that the timing of fungicide application for control of Asian soybean rust (ASR) will rarely coincide with the optimum timing of herbicides like glyphosate for weed control in soybean.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate plus fungicide combinations had similar visual weed control to glyphosate alone.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- glyphosate plus fungicide combinationse0
- Outcome
- visual weed controle0
- Direction
- similare0
- Comparator
- glyphosate alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“similar levels of visual weed control and weed density at harvest were recorded with all glyphosate plus fungicide combinations compared with glyphosate alone”
t0“Glyphosate‐Resistant Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate plus fungicide combinations had similar harvest weed density to glyphosate alone.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- glyphosate plus fungicide combinationse0
- Outcome
- weed density at harveste0
- Direction
- similare0
- Comparator
- glyphosate alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“similar levels of visual weed control and weed density at harvest were recorded with all glyphosate plus fungicide combinations compared with glyphosate alone”
t0“Glyphosate‐Resistant Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate and fungicide coapplication caused little soybean injury relative to glyphosate alone.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- glyphosate and fungicide coapplicatione0
- Outcome
- soybean plant injurye0
- Direction
- Littlee0
- Comparator
- glyphosate alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Little soybean plant injury or leaf area index reduction was observed with any glyphosate and fungicide coapplication when compared with glyphosate alone”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate and fungicide coapplication caused little leaf area index reduction relative to glyphosate alone.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- glyphosate and fungicide coapplicatione0
- Outcome
- leaf area index reductione0
- Direction
- Littlee0
- Comparator
- glyphosate alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Little soybean plant injury or leaf area index reduction was observed with any glyphosate and fungicide coapplication when compared with glyphosate alone”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate and pyraclostrobin coapplication increased soybean yield over glyphosate alone.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- glyphosate and pyraclostrobine0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- glyphosate alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Only coapplications of either glyphosate and pyraclostrobin or azoxystrobin plus propiconazole increased yields when compared with glyphosate alone”
t0“Glyphosate‐Resistant Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate with azoxystrobin plus propiconazole increased soybean yield over glyphosate alone.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- azoxystrobin plus propiconazolee0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- glyphosate alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Only coapplications of either glyphosate and pyraclostrobin or azoxystrobin plus propiconazole increased yields when compared with glyphosate alone”
t0“Glyphosate‐Resistant Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Early application achieved greater spray penetration than late application.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- earlye0
- Outcome
- spray penetratione0
- Direction
- Greatere0
- Comparator
- late applicationse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Greater spray penetration was achieved with early compared with late applications”
t0“Glyphosate‐Resistant Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Late applications achieved at most 10% spray card coverage at any canopy height.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- late applicationse0
- Outcome
- spray card coveragee0
- Value
- 10%e0
- Qualifier
- at any canopy heighte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No more than 10% spray card coverage was achieved at any canopy height with late applications”
t0“Glyphosate‐Resistant Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors concluded optimum fungicide timing for Asian soybean rust will rarely coincide with optimum glyphosate timing for weed control.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- timing of fungicide application for control of Asian soybean rust (ASR) will rarely coincide with the optimum timing of herbicides like glyphosate for weed controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the timing of fungicide application for control of Asian soybean rust (ASR) will rarely coincide with the optimum timing of herbicides like glyphosate for weed control in soybean”
The same questions in other papers
pyraclostrobin · yield · Glycine max (soybean)Results differ
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- no effect
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See all 15 papers →glyphosate · crop injury · Glycine max (soybean)Results differ
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54 papers in the same direction as this paper · 57 in the opposite direction · 11 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- negative
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See all 123 papers →glyphosate · weed · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
13 papers in the same direction as this paper · 42 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- positive
- positive
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See all 56 papers →azoxystrobin · yield · Glycine max (soybean)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
propiconazole · yield · Glycine max (soybean)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
fungicide · growth · Glycine max (soybean)Results differ
26 papers in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
- negative
29 papers more in this group
See all 33 papers →8 of 9 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.