Abstract
Abstract Contamination of soils by lead (Pb) is of widespread occurrence as result of human, agricultural and industrial activities. A pot study was carried out to evaluate physio-biochemical responses (chlorophyll content, soluble protein, proline content and activities of enzymatic antioxidants) of 10 bread wheat genotypes to inoculation of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (combination of Azospirillum brasilense and Azotobacter chroococcum) under Pb stress (0 and 65 mg kg -1 ). Result revealed that lead stress averagely decreased grain yield of wheat cultivars by 41.4 %. Lead stress increased lipid peroxidation and induced a significant accumulation of proline in leaves. Protein content decreased from 8-25.4% in different cultivars in Pbcontaminated soils. Activities of antioxidant enzymes, such as, ascorbate peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase were significantly increased in the presence of lead. An increase in total hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) content was noticed under lead stress in all cultivars, which was similar to production of malondialdehyde (MDA). However, promotion of growth was evident in most cultivars as a consequence of rhizobacterial inoculation, since plant growth promoting rhizobacteria could improve grain yield, proline content and membrane integrity, while significantly reduced the production of MDA and H 2 O 2 . Total chlorophyll content considerably declined with Pb stress. Between cultivars the best performance under lead stress was observed in Sardari, Shahriyar and Gaspard which had the highest yield and antioxidants activity. Obtained results showed that inoculation with Azotobacter and Azospirillium possibly through bioremediation strategy can stimulate plant growth under adverse environmental conditions, such as heavy metal contamination.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Lead stress decreased wheat grain yield by 41.4%.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- lead stresse0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 41.4 %e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“lead stress averagely decreased grain yield of wheat cultivars by 41.4 %.”
t0“Wheat Genotypes”
t1“Wheat Genotypes”
e1“promotion of growth was evident in most cultivars as a consequence of rhizobacterial inoculation”
Claim · model-written summary
Lead stress increased lipid peroxidation and leaf proline.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- Lead stresse0
- Outcome
- lipid peroxidation and induced a significant accumulation of proline in leavese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Lead stress increased lipid peroxidation and induced a significant accumulation of proline in leaves.”
t0“Wheat Genotypes”
t1“Wheat Genotypes”
e1“promotion of growth was evident in most cultivars as a consequence of rhizobacterial inoculation”
Claim · model-written summary
Protein content fell by 8–25.4% in lead contaminated soils.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Pbcontaminated soilse0
- Outcome
- Protein contente0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 8-25.4%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Protein content decreased from 8-25.4% in different cultivars in Pbcontaminated soils.”
t0“Wheat Genotypes”
t1“Wheat Genotypes”
e1“promotion of growth was evident in most cultivars as a consequence of rhizobacterial inoculation”
Claim · model-written summary
Antioxidant enzyme activities increased significantly with lead.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- leade0
- Outcome
- Activities of antioxidant enzymes, such as, ascorbate peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalasee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Activities of antioxidant enzymes, such as, ascorbate peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase were significantly increased in the presence of lead.”
t0“Wheat Genotypes”
t1“Wheat Genotypes”
e1“promotion of growth was evident in most cultivars as a consequence of rhizobacterial inoculation”
Claim · model-written summary
Lead stress increased hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- lead stresse0
- Outcome
- total hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) contente0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An increase in total hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) content was noticed under lead stress in all cultivars, which was similar to production of malondialdehyde (MDA).”
t0“Wheat Genotypes”
t1“Wheat Genotypes”
e1“promotion of growth was evident in most cultivars as a consequence of rhizobacterial inoculation”
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizobacterial inoculation promoted growth in most cultivars.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- rhizobacterial inoculatione0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- promotione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“promotion of growth was evident in most cultivars as a consequence of rhizobacterial inoculation”
t0“Wheat Genotypes”
t1“Wheat Genotypes”
e1“promotion of growth was evident in most cultivars as a consequence of rhizobacterial inoculation”
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizobacteria improved yield, proline content and membrane integrity.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- plant growth promoting rhizobacteriae0
- Outcome
- grain yield, proline content and membrane integritye0
- Direction
- improvee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“plant growth promoting rhizobacteria could improve grain yield, proline content and membrane integrity”
t0“Wheat Genotypes”
t1“Wheat Genotypes”
e1“promotion of growth was evident in most cultivars as a consequence of rhizobacterial inoculation”
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizobacteria reduced MDA and hydrogen peroxide production.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- rhizobacterial inoculatione1
- Outcome
- production of MDA and H 2 O 2e0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significantly reduced the production of MDA and H 2 O 2”
t0“Wheat Genotypes”
t1“Wheat Genotypes”
e1“promotion of growth was evident in most cultivars as a consequence of rhizobacterial inoculation”
Claim · model-written summary
Total chlorophyll declined under lead stress.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Pb stresse0
- Outcome
- Total chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- declinede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Total chlorophyll content considerably declined with Pb stress.”
t0“Wheat Genotypes”
t1“Wheat Genotypes”
e1“promotion of growth was evident in most cultivars as a consequence of rhizobacterial inoculation”
Claim · model-written summary
Sardari, Shahriyar and Gaspard had the highest yield and antioxidant activity under lead stress.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Sardari, Shahriyar and Gasparde0
- Outcome
- yield and antioxidants activitye0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sardari, Shahriyar and Gaspard which had the highest yield and antioxidants activity.”
t0“Wheat Genotypes”
t1“Wheat Genotypes”
e1“promotion of growth was evident in most cultivars as a consequence of rhizobacterial inoculation”
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