Abstract
A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of adding different phosphorus (P) fertilizer levels [0, 40, and 80 kg phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5) ha−1 (abbreviated as P0, P1, and P2, respectively)] and rates of sheep manure (M) [0, 20, and 40 ton ha−1 (abbreviated as M0, M1, and M2, respectively)] on growth and nitrogen (N2) fixation of soybean (Glycine max L.). Sorghum bicolor L. was employed as a reference crop to evaluate N2 fixation using the 15N-isotpic dilution technique. Results showed that addition of P fertilizer or sheep manure had positive effects on dry-matter production, N accumulation, and seed yield. Such effects were more pronounced when adding sheep manure and P together than adding separately. Solely P fertilizer had a small impact on N2 fixation. A tangible increase in the amounts of N2 fixed due to manure addition occurred. The efficient use of N fertilizer (%NUE) increased significantly as the result of adding a high level of P fertilizer. However, a drastic decrease in %NUE was observed when sheep manure was added solely or in combination with P fertilizer. From productivity and ecological standpoints, P2M1 and P2M2 surpassed the other treatments in showing greater grain yield and greater N2 fixation. However, considering the high cost of sheep manure, P2M1 was the optimal treatment for improving growth and N2 fixation in soybean plants with minimal manure consumption. In conclusion, the integrated use of manure and P fertilizer could be considered a useful agricultural practice for improving the performance of soybean plants grown in an Aridisol. Their beneficial effects were mainly attributed to the enhancement of N2 fixation through root growth and soil property improvements besides being a source of P and other nutrients that are essential for N2-fixation process.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
P fertilizer or sheep manure had positive effects on dry-matter production, N accumulation and seed yield of soybean.
- Taxon
- soybean (Glycine max L.)
Glycine maxe0 - Treatment
- P fertilizer or sheep manuree1
- Outcome
- dry-matter production, N accumulation, and seed yielde1
- Direction
- positive effectse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“growth and nitrogen (N2) fixation of soybean (Glycine max L.)”
e1“Results showed that addition of P fertilizer or sheep manure had positive effects on dry-matter production, N accumulation, and seed yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Effects of P fertilizer and sheep manure on soybean were more pronounced when applied together than separately.
- Taxon
- soybean (Glycine max L.)Glycine maxe0
- Treatment
- sheep manure and P togethere2
- Outcome
- effectse2
- Direction
- more pronouncede2
- Comparator
- adding separatelye2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“growth and nitrogen (N2) fixation of soybean (Glycine max L.)”
e2“Such effects were more pronounced when adding sheep manure and P together than adding separately”
Claim · model-written summary
Solely P fertilizer had a small impact on N2 fixation in soybean.
- Taxon
- soybean (Glycine max L.)Glycine maxe0
- Treatment
- Solely P fertilizere3
- Outcome
- N2 fixatione3
- Direction
- small impacte3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“growth and nitrogen (N2) fixation of soybean (Glycine max L.)”
e3“Solely P fertilizer had a small impact on N2 fixation”
Claim · model-written summary
Manure addition increased the amount of N2 fixed by soybean.
- Taxon
- soybean (Glycine max L.)Glycine maxe0
- Treatment
- manure additione4
- Outcome
- amounts of N2 fixede4
- Direction
- increasee4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“growth and nitrogen (N2) fixation of soybean (Glycine max L.)”
e4“A tangible increase in the amounts of N2 fixed due to manure addition occurred”
Claim · model-written summary
A high level of P fertilizer significantly increased %NUE in soybean.
- Taxon
- soybean (Glycine max L.)Glycine maxe0
- Treatment
- a high level of P fertilizere5
- Outcome
- %NUEe5
- Direction
- increased significantlye5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“growth and nitrogen (N2) fixation of soybean (Glycine max L.)”
e5“The efficient use of N fertilizer (%NUE) increased significantly as the result of adding a high level of P fertilizer”
Claim · model-written summary
Sheep manure alone or with P fertilizer caused a drastic decrease in %NUE in soybean.
- Taxon
- soybean (Glycine max L.)Glycine maxe0
- Treatment
- sheep manure was added solely or in combination with P fertilizere6
- Outcome
- %NUEe6
- Direction
- drastic decreasee6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“growth and nitrogen (N2) fixation of soybean (Glycine max L.)”
e6“However, a drastic decrease in %NUE was observed when sheep manure was added solely or in combination with P fertilizer”
Claim · model-written summary
P2M1 and P2M2 gave greater grain yield and greater N2 fixation than the other treatments in soybean.
- Taxon
- soybean (Glycine max L.)Glycine maxe0
- Treatment
- P2M1 and P2M2e7
- Outcome
- greater grain yield and greater N2 fixatione7
- Direction
- greatere7
- Comparator
- the other treatmentse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“growth and nitrogen (N2) fixation of soybean (Glycine max L.)”
e7“P2M1 and P2M2 surpassed the other treatments in showing greater grain yield and greater N2 fixation”
Claim · model-written summary
P2M1 is the optimal treatment for improving growth and N2 fixation of soybean with minimal manure consumption.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe5
- Treatment
- P2M1e5
- Outcome
- growth and N2 fixatione5
- Qualifier
- minimal manure consumptione5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“P2M1 was the optimal treatment for improving growth and N2 fixation in soybean plants with minimal manure consumption”
Claim · model-written summary
The integrated use of manure and P fertilizer is a useful practice for improving the performance of soybean grown in an Aridisol.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe6
- Treatment
- integrated use of manure and P fertilizere6
- Outcome
- performance of soybean plantse6
- Setting
- Aridisole6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“the integrated use of manure and P fertilizer could be considered a useful agricultural practice for improving the performance of soybean plants grown in an Aridisol”
Claim · model-written summary
The beneficial effects of manure and P fertilizer on soybean are mainly attributed to enhanced N2 fixation through root growth and soil property improvements.
- Taxon
- soybean (Glycine max L.)Glycine maxe0
- Outcome
- beneficial effectse7
- Qualifier
- the enhancement of N2 fixation through root growth and soil property improvementse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“growth and nitrogen (N2) fixation of soybean (Glycine max L.)”
e7“Their beneficial effects were mainly attributed to the enhancement of N2 fixation through root growth and soil property improvements”
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- no effect
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1,020 papers in the same direction as this paper · 155 in the opposite direction · 16 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
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See all 1,192 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.