Abstract
Climatic warming is often predicted to reduce wheat yield and grain quality in China. However, direct evidence is still lacking. We conducted a three-year experiment with a Free Air Temperature Increase (FATI) facility to examine the responses of winter wheat growth and plant N accumulation to a moderate temperature increase of 1.5°C predicted to prevail by 2050 in East China. Three warming treatments (AW: all-day warming; DW: daytime warming; NW: nighttime warming) were applied for an entire growth period. Consistent warming effects on wheat plant were recorded across the experimental years. An increase of ca. 1.5°C in daily, daytime and nighttime mean temperatures shortened the length of pre-anthesis period averagely by 12.7, 8.3 and 10.7 d (P<0.05), respectively, but had no significant impact on the length of the post-anthesis period. Warming did not significantly alter the aboveground biomass production, but the grain yield was 16.3, 18.1 and 19.6% (P<0.05) higher in the AW, DW and NW plots than the non-warmed plot, respectively. Warming also significantly increased plant N uptake and total biomass N accumulation. However, warming significantly reduced grain N concentrations while increased N concentrations in the leaves and stems. Together, our results demonstrate differential impacts of warming on the depositions of grain starch and protein, highlighting the needs to further understand the mechanisms that underlie warming impacts on plant C and N metabolism in wheat.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Warming of about 1.5°C shortened the pre-anthesis period by 12.7 days under daily warming.
- Taxon
- Winter Wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- An increase of ca. 1.5°Ce0
- Outcome
- pre-anthesis periode0
- Direction
- shortenede0
- Value
- 12.7e0
- Qualifier
- dailye0
- Setting
- East Chinat0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Climatic Warming Increases Winter Wheat Yield but Reduces Grain Nitrogen Concentration in East China”
e0“An increase of ca. 1.5°C in daily, daytime and nighttime mean temperatures shortened the length of pre-anthesis period averagely by 12.7, 8.3 and 10.7 d (P<0.05), respectively, but had no significant impact on the length of the post-anthesis period”
Claim · model-written summary
Warming of about 1.5°C shortened the pre-anthesis period by 8.3 days under daytime warming.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- An increase of ca. 1.5°Ce0
- Outcome
- pre-anthesis periode0
- Direction
- shortenede0
- Value
- 8.3e0
- Qualifier
- daytimee0
- Setting
- East Chinat0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Climatic Warming Increases Winter Wheat Yield but Reduces Grain Nitrogen Concentration in East China”
e0“An increase of ca. 1.5°C in daily, daytime and nighttime mean temperatures shortened the length of pre-anthesis period averagely by 12.7, 8.3 and 10.7 d (P<0.05), respectively, but had no significant impact on the length of the post-anthesis period”
Claim · model-written summary
Warming of about 1.5°C shortened the pre-anthesis period by 10.7 days under nighttime warming.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- An increase of ca. 1.5°Ce0
- Outcome
- pre-anthesis periode0
- Direction
- shortenede0
- Value
- 10.7e0
- Qualifier
- nighttimee0
- Setting
- East Chinat0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Climatic Warming Increases Winter Wheat Yield but Reduces Grain Nitrogen Concentration in East China”
e0“An increase of ca. 1.5°C in daily, daytime and nighttime mean temperatures shortened the length of pre-anthesis period averagely by 12.7, 8.3 and 10.7 d (P<0.05), respectively, but had no significant impact on the length of the post-anthesis period”
Claim · model-written summary
Warming of about 1.5°C had no significant impact on the length of the post-anthesis period.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- An increase of ca. 1.5°Ce0
- Outcome
- length of the post-anthesis periode0
- Direction
- no significant impacte0
- Setting
- East Chinat0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Climatic Warming Increases Winter Wheat Yield but Reduces Grain Nitrogen Concentration in East China”
e0“An increase of ca. 1.5°C in daily, daytime and nighttime mean temperatures shortened the length of pre-anthesis period averagely by 12.7, 8.3 and 10.7 d (P<0.05), respectively, but had no significant impact on the length of the post-anthesis period”
Claim · model-written summary
Warming did not significantly alter aboveground biomass production compared with the non-warmed plot.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Warminge1
- Outcome
- aboveground biomass productione1
- Direction
- did not significantly altere1
- Comparator
- non-warmed plote1
- Setting
- East Chinat0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Climatic Warming Increases Winter Wheat Yield but Reduces Grain Nitrogen Concentration in East China”
e1“Warming did not significantly alter the aboveground biomass production, but the grain yield was 16.3, 18.1 and 19.6% (P<0.05) higher in the AW, DW and NW plots than the non-warmed plot, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain yield was 16.3% higher under all-day warming than in the non-warmed plot.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- all-day warminge4
- Outcome
- grain yielde1
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 16.3e1
- Comparator
- non-warmed plote1
- Setting
- East Chinat0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Climatic Warming Increases Winter Wheat Yield but Reduces Grain Nitrogen Concentration in East China”
e1“Warming did not significantly alter the aboveground biomass production, but the grain yield was 16.3, 18.1 and 19.6% (P<0.05) higher in the AW, DW and NW plots than the non-warmed plot, respectively”
e4“Three warming treatments (AW: all-day warming; DW: daytime warming; NW: nighttime warming) were applied for an entire growth period”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain yield was 18.1% higher under daytime warming than in the non-warmed plot.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- daytime warminge4
- Outcome
- grain yielde1
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 18.1e1
- Comparator
- non-warmed plote1
- Setting
- East Chinat0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Climatic Warming Increases Winter Wheat Yield but Reduces Grain Nitrogen Concentration in East China”
e1“Warming did not significantly alter the aboveground biomass production, but the grain yield was 16.3, 18.1 and 19.6% (P<0.05) higher in the AW, DW and NW plots than the non-warmed plot, respectively”
e4“Three warming treatments (AW: all-day warming; DW: daytime warming; NW: nighttime warming) were applied for an entire growth period”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain yield was 19.6% higher under nighttime warming than in the non-warmed plot.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- nighttime warminge4
- Outcome
- grain yielde1
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 19.6%e1
- Comparator
- non-warmed plote1
- Setting
- East Chinat0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Climatic Warming Increases Winter Wheat Yield but Reduces Grain Nitrogen Concentration in East China”
e1“Warming did not significantly alter the aboveground biomass production, but the grain yield was 16.3, 18.1 and 19.6% (P<0.05) higher in the AW, DW and NW plots than the non-warmed plot, respectively”
e4“Three warming treatments (AW: all-day warming; DW: daytime warming; NW: nighttime warming) were applied for an entire growth period”
Claim · model-written summary
Warming significantly increased plant N uptake and total biomass N accumulation.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Warminge2
- Outcome
- plant N uptake and total biomass N accumulatione2
- Direction
- significantly increasede2
- Setting
- East Chinat0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Climatic Warming Increases Winter Wheat Yield but Reduces Grain Nitrogen Concentration in East China”
e2“Warming also significantly increased plant N uptake and total biomass N accumulation”
Claim · model-written summary
Warming significantly reduced grain N concentrations.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- warminge3
- Outcome
- grain N concentrationse3
- Direction
- significantly reducede3
- Setting
- East Chinat0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Climatic Warming Increases Winter Wheat Yield but Reduces Grain Nitrogen Concentration in East China”
e3“However, warming significantly reduced grain N concentrations while increased N concentrations in the leaves and stems”
Claim · model-written summary
Warming increased N concentrations in the leaves and stems.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- leaves and stemse3
- Treatment
- warminge3
- Outcome
- N concentrationse3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Setting
- East Chinat0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Climatic Warming Increases Winter Wheat Yield but Reduces Grain Nitrogen Concentration in East China”
e3“However, warming significantly reduced grain N concentrations while increased N concentrations in the leaves and stems”
Claim · model-written summary
Warming had differential impacts on the deposition of grain starch and protein.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- warminge5
- Outcome
- depositions of grain starch and proteine5
- Qualifier
- differential impactse5
- Setting
- East Chinat0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Climatic Warming Increases Winter Wheat Yield but Reduces Grain Nitrogen Concentration in East China”
e5“Together, our results demonstrate differential impacts of warming on the depositions of grain starch and protein”
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