Abstract
Germination of non-dormant upper cocklebur (Xanthium pinsylvanicum Wallr.) seeds was stimulated by not only CS(NH2)2 but also NH2OH, KCN and NaN3. This stimulation was not via the enhancement of aerobic C2H4 production. NH2OH, KCN and NaN3 in certain concentrations promoted the initial growth of axial and/or cotyledonary parts, but the degree of growth promotion by NH2OH, NaN3 and KCN was slight compared with that by CS(NH2)2. As in the case of CS(NH2)2, however, the germinationstimulating effect of NH2OH disappeared rapidly as the preceding imbibition period was prolonged. In contrast, KCN and NaN3 were still effective in stimulating the germination of aged seeds maintained on a water substratum, as previously seen with anaerobiosis. Anaerobic induction was enhanced not only by NaN3 and KCN but also by NH2OH, KNO3, KNO2 CO(NH2)2 and CS(NH2)2 applied during the anaerobic treatment, but without causing an increase in anaerobic production of C2H4. Furthermore, KCN and NaN3, given prior to the anaerobic treatment acted additively with anaerobic induction. The germination-stimulating actions of nitrogenous compounds are discussed in comparison with those of C2H4 and anaerobiosis.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
CS(NH2)2 stimulated seed germination.
- Taxon
- cocklebur (Xanthium pinsylvanicum Wallr.)
Xanthium strumariume0 - Treatment
- CS(NH2)2e0
- Outcome
- Germinatione0
- Direction
- stimulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Germination of non-dormant upper cocklebur (Xanthium pinsylvanicum Wallr.) seeds was stimulated by not only CS(NH2)2 but also NH2OH, KCN and NaN3.”
Claim · model-written summary
NH2OH stimulated seed germination.
- Taxon
- cocklebur (Xanthium pinsylvanicum Wallr.)Xanthium strumariume0
- Treatment
- NH2OHe0
- Outcome
- Germinatione0
- Direction
- stimulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Germination of non-dormant upper cocklebur (Xanthium pinsylvanicum Wallr.) seeds was stimulated by not only CS(NH2)2 but also NH2OH, KCN and NaN3.”
Claim · model-written summary
KCN stimulated seed germination.
- Taxon
- cocklebur (Xanthium pinsylvanicum Wallr.)Xanthium strumariume0
- Treatment
- KCNe0
- Outcome
- Germinatione0
- Direction
- stimulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Germination of non-dormant upper cocklebur (Xanthium pinsylvanicum Wallr.) seeds was stimulated by not only CS(NH2)2 but also NH2OH, KCN and NaN3.”
Claim · model-written summary
NaN3 stimulated seed germination.
- Taxon
- cocklebur (Xanthium pinsylvanicum Wallr.)Xanthium strumariume0
- Treatment
- NaN3e0
- Outcome
- Germinatione0
- Direction
- stimulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Germination of non-dormant upper cocklebur (Xanthium pinsylvanicum Wallr.) seeds was stimulated by not only CS(NH2)2 but also NH2OH, KCN and NaN3.”
Claim · model-written summary
Germination stimulation did not involve enhanced aerobic ethylene production.
- Taxon
- cocklebur (Xanthium pinsylvanicum Wallr.)Xanthium strumariumt0
- Outcome
- enhancement of aerobic C2H4 productione0
- Direction
- not viae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This stimulation was not via the enhancement of aerobic C2H4 production.”
t0“cocklebur (Xanthium pinsylvanicum Wallr.)”
Claim · model-written summary
NH2OH, KCN and NaN3 promoted early axial or cotyledonary growth less than CS(NH2)2.
- Taxon
- cocklebur (Xanthium pinsylvanicum Wallr.)Xanthium strumariumt0
- Treatment
- NH2OH, KCN and NaN3e0
- Outcome
- initial growth of axial and/or cotyledonary partse0
- Direction
- promotede0
- Comparator
- CS(NH2)2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NH2OH, KCN and NaN3 in certain concentrations promoted the initial growth of axial and/or cotyledonary parts, but the degree of growth promotion by NH2OH, NaN3 and KCN was slight compared with that by CS(NH2)2.”
t0“cocklebur (Xanthium pinsylvanicum Wallr.)”
Claim · model-written summary
NH2OH lost its germination stimulation as prior imbibition lengthened.
- Taxon
- cocklebur (Xanthium pinsylvanicum Wallr.)Xanthium strumariumt0
- Treatment
- NH2OHe0
- Outcome
- germinationstimulating effecte0
- Direction
- disappeared rapidlye0
- Qualifier
- as the preceding imbibition period was prolongede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the germinationstimulating effect of NH2OH disappeared rapidly as the preceding imbibition period was prolonged.”
t0“cocklebur (Xanthium pinsylvanicum Wallr.)”
Claim · model-written summary
KCN stimulated germination of aged seeds on water.
- Taxon
- cocklebur (Xanthium pinsylvanicum Wallr.)Xanthium strumariumt0
- Treatment
- KCNe0
- Outcome
- germination of aged seedse0
- Direction
- stimulatinge0
- Qualifier
- maintained on a water substratume0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“KCN and NaN3 were still effective in stimulating the germination of aged seeds maintained on a water substratum”
t0“cocklebur (Xanthium pinsylvanicum Wallr.)”
Claim · model-written summary
NaN3 stimulated germination of aged seeds on water.
- Taxon
- cocklebur (Xanthium pinsylvanicum Wallr.)Xanthium strumariumt0
- Treatment
- NaN3e0
- Outcome
- germination of aged seedse0
- Direction
- stimulatinge0
- Qualifier
- maintained on a water substratume0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“KCN and NaN3 were still effective in stimulating the germination of aged seeds maintained on a water substratum”
t0“cocklebur (Xanthium pinsylvanicum Wallr.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Several nitrogenous compounds enhanced anaerobic induction without increasing anaerobic ethylene production.
- Taxon
- cocklebur (Xanthium pinsylvanicum Wallr.)Xanthium strumariumt0
- Treatment
- NaN3 and KCNe0
- Outcome
- Anaerobic inductione0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Qualifier
- without causing an increase in anaerobic production of C2H4e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Anaerobic induction was enhanced not only by NaN3 and KCN but also by NH2OH, KNO3, KNO2 CO(NH2)2 and CS(NH2)2 applied during the anaerobic treatment, but without causing an increase in anaerobic production of C2H4.”
t0“cocklebur (Xanthium pinsylvanicum Wallr.)”
Claim · model-written summary
KCN before anaerobic treatment acted additively with anaerobic induction.
- Taxon
- cocklebur (Xanthium pinsylvanicum Wallr.)Xanthium strumariumt0
- Treatment
- KCNe0
- Outcome
- anaerobic inductione0
- Direction
- additivelye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“KCN and NaN3, given prior to the anaerobic treatment acted additively with anaerobic induction.”
t0“cocklebur (Xanthium pinsylvanicum Wallr.)”
Claim · model-written summary
NaN3 before anaerobic treatment acted additively with anaerobic induction.
- Taxon
- cocklebur (Xanthium pinsylvanicum Wallr.)Xanthium strumariumt0
- Treatment
- NaN3e0
- Outcome
- anaerobic inductione0
- Direction
- additivelye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“KCN and NaN3, given prior to the anaerobic treatment acted additively with anaerobic induction.”
t0“cocklebur (Xanthium pinsylvanicum Wallr.)”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.