Abstract
Esashi, Y., Oota, H., Saitoh, H. and Kodama, H. 1985. Light actions in the germination of cocklebur seeds. III. Effects of pre-treatment temperature on germination responses to far-red light and on dark germination in the red light-requiring upper seeds.—J. exp. Bot. 36: 1465-1477. Red light (R) responsiveness in R-requiring upper cocklebur (Xanthium pennsylvanicum Wallr.) seeds changed in different patterns during a soaking period at different temperatures. At temperatures above 23°C, the responsiveness increased and then decreased. At lower temperatures (3–18°C), however, it continued to increase throughout an experimental period. The lower temperatures caused germination in the subsequent dark at 33°C, regained the R responsiveness and acquired the dark germinability when subsequently exposed to 8°C, to an extent proportional to the duration of the chilling. Far-red (FR) was inhibitory to germination in an earlier soaking period at lower temperatures, but its effect gradually decresed, and finally turned promotive. The negative FR response was repeatedly controlled by the following R irradiation. However, the positive FR response was enhanced by an immediate R irradiation, and FR/R reversibility occurred after the second FR. In contrast to the R responsiveness and dark germinability, the positive germination response to FR was not induced by soaking at 3°C, in which the growth of the axial tissue as a photoreceptive site did not occur at all. Similarly, it was not manifested when the seeds soaked at 33°C were subsequently subjected to 8°C.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Above 23°C, red-light responsiveness first increased then decreased during soaking.
- Taxon
- Cocklebur Seeds
Xanthium strumariumt0 - Outcome
- responsivenesse0
- Direction
- increased and then decreasede0
- Setting
- temperatures above 23°Ce0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At temperatures above 23°C, the responsiveness increased and then decreased.”
t0“Cocklebur Seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
At 3–18°C, red-light responsiveness continued increasing through the experiment.
- Taxon
- Cocklebur SeedsXanthium strumariumt0
- Outcome
- ite0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Setting
- 3–18°Ce0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At lower temperatures (3–18°C), however, it continued to increase throughout an experimental period.”
t0“Cocklebur Seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Lower pretreatment temperatures induced subsequent dark germination at 33°C.
- Taxon
- Cocklebur SeedsXanthium strumariumt0
- Treatment
- lower temperaturese0
- Outcome
- germination in the subsequent dark at 33°Ce0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The lower temperatures caused germination in the subsequent dark at 33°C”
t0“Cocklebur Seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Subsequent exposure to 8°C restored red-light responsiveness in proportion to chilling duration.
- Taxon
- Cocklebur SeedsXanthium strumariumt0
- Treatment
- exposed to 8°Ce0
- Outcome
- R responsivenesse0
- Direction
- regainede0
- Qualifier
- proportional to the duration of the chillinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“regained the R responsiveness and acquired the dark germinability when subsequently exposed to 8°C, to an extent proportional to the duration of the chilling.”
t0“Cocklebur Seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Subsequent exposure to 8°C induced dark germinability in proportion to chilling duration.
- Taxon
- Cocklebur SeedsXanthium strumariumt0
- Treatment
- exposed to 8°Ce0
- Outcome
- dark germinabilitye0
- Direction
- acquirede0
- Qualifier
- proportional to the duration of the chillinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“regained the R responsiveness and acquired the dark germinability when subsequently exposed to 8°C, to an extent proportional to the duration of the chilling.”
t0“Cocklebur Seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Far-red light initially inhibited germination at lower soaking temperatures.
- Taxon
- Cocklebur SeedsXanthium strumariumt0
- Treatment
- Far-red (FR)e0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- inhibitorye0
- Qualifier
- earlier soaking period at lower temperaturese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Far-red (FR) was inhibitory to germination in an earlier soaking period at lower temperatures”
t0“Cocklebur Seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
The far-red effect later weakened and became promotive.
- Taxon
- Cocklebur SeedsXanthium strumariumt0
- Outcome
- effecte0
- Direction
- gradually decresed, and finally turned promotivee0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but its effect gradually decresed, and finally turned promotive.”
t0“Cocklebur Seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Following red light repeatedly controlled the negative far-red response.
- Taxon
- Cocklebur SeedsXanthium strumariumt0
- Treatment
- following R irradiatione0
- Outcome
- negative FR responsee0
- Direction
- controllede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The negative FR response was repeatedly controlled by the following R irradiation.”
t0“Cocklebur Seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Immediate red irradiation enhanced the positive far-red response.
- Taxon
- Cocklebur SeedsXanthium strumariumt0
- Treatment
- immediate R irradiatione0
- Outcome
- positive FR responsee0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the positive FR response was enhanced by an immediate R irradiation”
t0“Cocklebur Seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Far-red/red reversibility occurred after a second far-red irradiation.
- Taxon
- Cocklebur SeedsXanthium strumariumt0
- Outcome
- FR/R reversibility occurrede0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“FR/R reversibility occurred after the second FR.”
t0“Cocklebur Seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Soaking at 3°C did not induce a positive far-red germination response.
- Taxon
- Cocklebur SeedsXanthium strumariumt0
- Treatment
- soaking at 3°Ce0
- Outcome
- positive germination response to FRe0
- Direction
- not inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the positive germination response to FR was not induced by soaking at 3°C”
t0“Cocklebur Seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Axial tissue growth did not occur during soaking at 3°C.
- Taxon
- Cocklebur SeedsXanthium strumariumt0
- Outcome
- growth of the axial tissuee0
- Direction
- did not occur at alle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the growth of the axial tissue as a photoreceptive site did not occur at all.”
t0“Cocklebur Seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
The positive far-red response also was absent after 33°C soaking followed by 8°C.
- Taxon
- Cocklebur SeedsXanthium strumariumt0
- Treatment
- seeds soaked at 33°C were subsequently subjected to 8°Ce0
- Outcome
- ite0
- Direction
- not manifestede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Similarly, it was not manifested when the seeds soaked at 33°C were subsequently subjected to 8°C.”
t0“Cocklebur Seeds”
The same questions in other papers
light · growth · Xanthium strumarium (cocklebur)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
- negative
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.