Abstract
Annual crop yield and nutrition have shown differentiated responses to modifications in soil chemical properties brought about by gypsum application. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of gypsum application rates on the chemical properties of a Latossolo Bruno (Clayey Oxisol), as well as on the nutrition and yield of a maize-barley succession under no-till. The experiment was set up in November 2009 in Guarapuava, Parana, Brazil, applying gypsum rates of 0.0, 1.5, 3.0, 4.5, and 6.0 Mg ha-1 to the soil surface upon sowing maize, with crop succession of barley. Gypsum application decreased the levels of Al3+ and Mg2+ in the 0.0-0.1 m layer and increased soil pH in the layers from 0.2-0.6 m depth. Gypsum application has increased the levels of Ca2+ in all soil layers up to 0.6 m, and the levels of S-SO4(2-) up to 0.8 m. In both crops, the leaf concentrations of Ca and S were increased while Mg concentrations have decreased as a function of gypsum rates. There was also an effect of gypsum rates on grain yield, with a quadratic response of maize and a linear increase for barley. Yield increases were up to 11 and 12 % in relation to control for the maximum technical efficiency (MTE) rates of 3.8 and 6.0 Mg ha-1 of gypsum, respectively. Gypsum application improved soil fertility in the profile, especially in the subsurface, as well as plant nutrition, increasing the yields of maize and barley.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Gypsum decreased soil aluminum and magnesium in the surface layer.
- Taxon
- maize and barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgare
Zea mayst0 - Treatment
- Gypsum applicatione0
- Outcome
- levels of Al3+ and Mg2+e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- 0.0-0.1 m layere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Gypsum application decreased the levels of Al3+ and Mg2+ in the 0.0-0.1 m layer”
t0“maize and barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Gypsum increased deeper soil pH.
- Taxon
- maize and barleyHordeum vulgareZea mayst0
- Treatment
- Gypsum applicatione0
- Outcome
- soil pHe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- 0.2-0.6 m depthe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Gypsum application decreased the levels of Al3+ and Mg2+ in the 0.0-0.1 m layer and increased soil pH in the layers from 0.2-0.6 m depth.”
t0“maize and barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Gypsum raised soil calcium through 0.6 m.
- Taxon
- maize and barleyHordeum vulgareZea mayst0
- Treatment
- Gypsum applicatione0
- Outcome
- levels of Ca2+e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- up to 0.6 me0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Gypsum application has increased the levels of Ca2+ in all soil layers up to 0.6 m”
t0“maize and barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Gypsum raised soil sulfate through 0.8 m.
- Taxon
- maize and barleyHordeum vulgareZea mayst0
- Treatment
- Gypsum applicatione0
- Outcome
- levels of S-SO4(2-)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- up to 0.8 me0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Gypsum application has increased the levels of Ca2+ in all soil layers up to 0.6 m, and the levels of S-SO4(2-) up to 0.8 m.”
t0“maize and barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Gypsum increased leaf calcium and sulfur in both crops.
- Taxon
- maize and barleyHordeum vulgareZea mayst0
- Treatment
- gypsum ratese0
- Outcome
- leaf concentrations of Ca and Se0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In both crops, the leaf concentrations of Ca and S were increased while Mg concentrations have decreased as a function of gypsum rates.”
t0“maize and barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Gypsum decreased leaf magnesium in both crops.
- Taxon
- maize and barleyHordeum vulgareZea mayst0
- Treatment
- gypsum ratese0
- Outcome
- Mg concentrationse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In both crops, the leaf concentrations of Ca and S were increased while Mg concentrations have decreased as a function of gypsum rates.”
t0“maize and barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize grain yield responded quadratically to gypsum rates.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was also an effect of gypsum rates on grain yield, with a quadratic response of maize and a linear increase for barley.”
Claim · model-written summary
Barley grain yield increased linearly with gypsum rates.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- gypsum ratese0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- linear increasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was also an effect of gypsum rates on grain yield, with a quadratic response of maize and a linear increase for barley.”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize yield increased up to 11% at 3.8 Mg ha-1 gypsum.
- Treatment
- 3.8 and 6.0 Mg ha-1 of gypsume0
- Outcome
- Yielde0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 11 and 12 %e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yield increases were up to 11 and 12 % in relation to control for the maximum technical efficiency (MTE) rates of 3.8 and 6.0 Mg ha-1 of gypsum, respectively.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Barley yield increased up to 12% at 6.0 Mg ha-1 gypsum.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- 3.8 and 6.0 Mg ha-1 of gypsume0
- Outcome
- Yielde0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 12 %e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yield increases were up to 11 and 12 % in relation to control for the maximum technical efficiency (MTE) rates of 3.8 and 6.0 Mg ha-1 of gypsum, respectively.”
t0“barley”
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