Abstract
Soybean root and stem rot is caused by the oomycete pathogen Phytophthora sojae. The interaction between P. sojae and soybean fits the "gene-for-gene" hypothesis. Although more than 10 P. sojae avirulence (Avr) effectors have been genetically identified, nearly half of genetically defined avr genes have been cloned. In a previous bioinformatic and global transcriptional analysis, we identified a P. sojae RxLR effector, Avr1d, which was 125 amino acids in length. Mapping data demonstrated that Avr1d presence or absence in the genome was co-segregated with the Avr1d avirulence phenotype in F2 populations. Transient expression of the Avr1d gene using co-bombardment in soybean isogenic lines revealed that this gene triggered a hypersensitive response (HR) in the presence of Rps1d. Sequencing of Avr1d genes in different P. sojae strains revealed two Avr1d alleles. Although polymorphic, the two Avr1d alleles could trigger Rps1d-mediated HR. P. sojae strains carrying either of the alleles were avirulent on Rps1d soybean lines. Avr1d was upregulated during the germinating cyst and early infection stages. Furthermore, transient expression of Avr1d in Nicotiana benthamiana suppressed BAX-induced cell death and enhanced P. capsici infection. Avr1d also suppressed effector-triggered immunity induction by associating with Avr1b and Rps1b, suggestive of a role in suppressing plant immunity.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Avr1d genomic presence or absence co-segregated with avirulence phenotype in F2 populations.
- Taxon
- Soybean
Glycine maxe1 - Interactor
- Phytophthora sojaePhytophthora sojaee1pathogen
- Gene
- Avr1de0
- Outcome
- avirulence phenotypee0
- Direction
- co-segregatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Avr1d presence or absence in the genome was co-segregated with the Avr1d avirulence phenotype in F2 populations”
e1“Soybean root and stem rot is caused by the oomycete pathogen Phytophthora sojae”
Claim · model-written summary
Transient Avr1d expression triggered a hypersensitive response in soybean lines carrying Rps1d.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- Transient expression of the Avr1d gene using co-bombardmente0
- Gene
- Avr1de0
- Outcome
- hypersensitive response (HR)e0
- Direction
- triggerede0
- Qualifier
- in the presence of Rps1de0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Transient expression of the Avr1d gene using co-bombardment in soybean isogenic lines revealed that this gene triggered a hypersensitive response (HR) in the presence of Rps1d”
Claim · model-written summary
Sequencing revealed two Avr1d alleles among P. sojae strains.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Interactor
- P. sojaePhytophthora sojaee0pathogen
- Gene
- Avr1de0
- Outcome
- two Avr1d allelese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sequencing of Avr1d genes in different P. sojae strains revealed two Avr1d alleles”
e1“soybean isogenic lines”
Claim · model-written summary
Both polymorphic Avr1d alleles triggered Rps1d-mediated hypersensitive response.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- two Avr1d allelese0
- Gene
- Avr1de0
- Outcome
- Rps1d-mediated HRe0
- Direction
- triggere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the two Avr1d alleles could trigger Rps1d-mediated HR”
e1“soybean isogenic lines”
Claim · model-written summary
P. sojae strains carrying either Avr1d allele were avirulent on Rps1d soybean lines.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Material
- Rps1d soybean linese0
- Interactor
- P. sojaePhytophthora sojaee0pathogen
- Gene
- Avr1de1
- Outcome
- avirulente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“P. sojae strains carrying either of the alleles were avirulent on Rps1d soybean lines”
e1“the two Avr1d alleles could trigger”
Claim · model-written summary
Avr1d expression increased during germinating cyst and early infection stages.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Organ / stage
- germinating cyst and early infection stagese0
- Gene
- Avr1de0
- Outcome
- Avr1de0
- Direction
- upregulatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Avr1d was upregulated during the germinating cyst and early infection stages”
e1“soybean isogenic lines”
Claim · model-written summary
Transient Avr1d expression suppressed BAX-induced cell death in Nicotiana benthamiana.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamiana
Nicotiana benthamianae0 - Treatment
- transient expression of Avr1de0
- Gene
- Avr1de0
- Outcome
- BAX-induced cell deathe0
- Direction
- suppressede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“transient expression of Avr1d in Nicotiana benthamiana suppressed BAX-induced cell death”
Claim · model-written summary
Transient Avr1d expression enhanced P. capsici infection of Nicotiana benthamiana.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae0
- Treatment
- transient expression of Avr1de0
- Interactor
- P. capsici
.jpg?width=60)
Phytophthora capsicie0pathogen - Gene
- Avr1de0
- Outcome
- P. capsici infectione0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“transient expression of Avr1d in Nicotiana benthamiana suppressed BAX-induced cell death and enhanced P. capsici infection”
Claim · model-written summary
Avr1d suppressed effector-triggered immunity induction through association with Avr1b and Rps1b.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Gene
- Avr1de0
- Outcome
- effector-triggered immunity inductione0
- Direction
- suppressede0
- Qualifier
- associating with Avr1b and Rps1be0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Avr1d also suppressed effector-triggered immunity induction by associating with Avr1b and Rps1b”
e1“soybean isogenic lines”
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See all 42 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.