Abstract
The hemibiotrophic pathogen Bipolaris sorokiniana causes root rot, leaf blotching, and black embryos in wheat and barley worldwide, resulting in significant yield and quality reductions. However, the mechanism underlying the host-pathogen interactions between B. sorokiniana and wheat or barley remains unknown. The B. sorokiniana genome encodes a large number of uncharacterized putative effector proteins. In this study, we identified a putative secreted protein, CsSp1, with a classic N-terminal signal peptide, that is induced during early infection. A split-marker approach was used to knock out CsSP1 in the Lankao 9-3 strain. Compared with the wild type, the deletion mutant ∆Cssp1 displayed less radial growth on potato dextrose agar plates and produced fewer spores, and complementary transformation completely restored the phenotype of the deletion mutant to that of the wild type. The pathogenicity of the deletion mutant in wheat was attenuated even though appressoria still penetrated the host. Additionally, the infectious hyphae in the deletion mutant became swollen and exhibited reduced growth in plant cells. The signal peptide of CsSp1 was functionally verified through a yeast YTK12 secretion system. Transient expression of CsSp1 in Nicotiana benthamiana inhibited lesion formation caused by Phytophthora capsici. Moreover, CsSp1 localized in the nucleus and cytoplasm of plant cells. In B. sorokiniana-infected wheat leaves, the salicylic acid-regulated genes TaPAL, TaPR1, and TaPR2 were down-regulated in the ∆Cssp1 strain compared with the wild-type strain under the same conditions. Therefore, CsSp1 is a virulence effector and is involved in triggering host immunity.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
CsSp1 was induced during early infection.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume1 - Interactor
- Bipolaris sorokiniana
Bipolaris sorokinianae2pathogen - Gene
- CsSp1e0
- Outcome
- induced during early infectione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a putative secreted protein, CsSp1, with a classic N-terminal signal peptide, that is induced during early infection”
e1“in wheat and barley worldwide”
e2“The hemibiotrophic pathogen Bipolaris sorokiniana”
Claim · model-written summary
CsSP1 deletion reduced radial growth and spore production.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- deletion mutant ∆Cssp1e0
- Interactor
- Bipolaris sorokinianaBipolaris sorokinianae2pathogen
- Gene
- ∆Cssp1e0
- Outcome
- radial growthe0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Comparator
- wild typee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with the wild type, the deletion mutant ∆Cssp1 displayed less radial growth on potato dextrose agar plates and produced fewer spores”
e1“in wheat and barley worldwide”
e2“The hemibiotrophic pathogen Bipolaris sorokiniana”
Claim · model-written summary
CsSP1 deletion reduced spore production.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- deletion mutant ∆Cssp1e0
- Interactor
- Bipolaris sorokinianaBipolaris sorokinianae2pathogen
- Outcome
- sporese0
- Direction
- fewere0
- Comparator
- wild typee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with the wild type, the deletion mutant ∆Cssp1 displayed less radial growth on potato dextrose agar plates and produced fewer spores”
e1“in wheat and barley worldwide”
e2“The hemibiotrophic pathogen Bipolaris sorokiniana”
Claim · model-written summary
Complementation restored the deletion mutant phenotype.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- complementary transformatione0
- Interactor
- Bipolaris sorokinianaBipolaris sorokinianae2pathogen
- Outcome
- phenotypee0
- Direction
- restorede0
- Comparator
- wild typee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“complementary transformation completely restored the phenotype of the deletion mutant to that of the wild type”
e1“in wheat and barley worldwide”
e2“The hemibiotrophic pathogen Bipolaris sorokiniana”
Claim · model-written summary
The deletion mutant had attenuated pathogenicity in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- deletion mutante0
- Interactor
- Bipolaris sorokinianaBipolaris sorokinianae1pathogen
- Outcome
- pathogenicitye0
- Direction
- attenuatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The pathogenicity of the deletion mutant in wheat was attenuated even though appressoria still penetrated the host”
e1“The hemibiotrophic pathogen Bipolaris sorokiniana”
Claim · model-written summary
Deletion mutant appressoria still penetrated wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Interactor
- Bipolaris sorokinianaBipolaris sorokinianae1pathogen
- Outcome
- appressoria still penetrated the hoste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The pathogenicity of the deletion mutant in wheat was attenuated even though appressoria still penetrated the host”
e1“The hemibiotrophic pathogen Bipolaris sorokiniana”
Claim · model-written summary
Infectious hyphae became swollen and showed reduced growth in plant cells.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Interactor
- Bipolaris sorokinianaBipolaris sorokinianae2pathogen
- Outcome
- infectious hyphae in the deletion mutant became swollene0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the infectious hyphae in the deletion mutant became swollen and exhibited reduced growth in plant cells”
e1“in wheat and barley worldwide”
e2“The hemibiotrophic pathogen Bipolaris sorokiniana”
Claim · model-written summary
CsSp1 signal peptide function was verified in yeast.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Gene
- CsSp1e0
- Outcome
- signal peptidee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The signal peptide of CsSp1 was functionally verified through a yeast YTK12 secretion system”
e1“in wheat and barley worldwide”
Claim · model-written summary
Transient CsSp1 expression inhibited Phytophthora capsici lesions in Nicotiana benthamiana.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamiana
Nicotiana benthamianae0 - Treatment
- Transient expression of CsSp1e0
- Interactor
- Phytophthora capsici
.jpg?width=60)
Phytophthora capsicie0pathogen - Gene
- CsSp1e0
- Outcome
- lesion formatione0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Transient expression of CsSp1 in Nicotiana benthamiana inhibited lesion formation caused by Phytophthora capsici”
Claim · model-written summary
CsSp1 localized in plant cell nuclei and cytoplasm.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Gene
- CsSp1e0
- Outcome
- localized in the nucleus and cytoplasme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CsSp1 localized in the nucleus and cytoplasm of plant cells”
e1“in wheat and barley worldwide”
Claim · model-written summary
TaPAL, TaPR1, and TaPR2 were down-regulated with ∆Cssp1 relative to wild type.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- ∆Cssp1 straine0
- Interactor
- B. sorokinianaBipolaris sorokinianae0pathogen
- Gene
- TaPAL, TaPR1, and TaPR2e0
- Outcome
- salicylic acid-regulated genes TaPAL, TaPR1, and TaPR2e0
- Direction
- down-regulatede0
- Comparator
- wild-type straine0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In B. sorokiniana-infected wheat leaves, the salicylic acid-regulated genes TaPAL, TaPR1, and TaPR2 were down-regulated in the ∆Cssp1 strain compared with the wild-type strain under the same conditions”
The same questions in other papers
transgenic · Phytophthora capsici · Nicotiana benthamianaPositive and negative results
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 11 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
12 papers more in this group
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