Abstract
Abstract Expanding choices of herbicides for consistent control of winter annual weeds are needed in turfgrass throughout the Southeast. Therefore, an experiment was conducted on Cecil sandy loam (Typic Hapludult) to determine effects of formulations, rates, and dates of simazine [2‐chloro‐4, 6‐bis(ethylamino)‐ s ‐triazine] treatments for the control of winter annual weeds in bermudagrass [ Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] turf. The most consistent control of winter weeds from preemergence treatments applied in September occurred from the 1.8 and 2.2 kg/ha granule rates and 2.2 kg/ha wettable powder treatment. Slurry treatments applied in September did not effectively control parsleypiert ( Alchemilla microcarpa Boissier Reuter) or corn speedwell ( Veronica arvensis L.). Postemergence February treatments generally controlled parsley‐piert, corn speedwell, hopclover ( Trifolium agrarium L.), and annual bluegrass ( Poa annua L.) effectively (80% or higher) regardless of rates and formulations. An exception occurred with granular formulation for hop clover as the control from the 0.9 kg/ha rate was not as good as when treated with other formulations at the same rate. February granular treatments did not satisfactorily control spur weed ( Soliva spp), whereas, at least 70% of weeds were controlled with 1.8 kg/ha or higher rates of wettable powder and slurry treatments. However, spur weed control was improved significantly from repeated September and February treatments when compared with single treatments at selected rates. None of the simazine treatments delayed early growth of bermudagrass in the spring regardless of formulation, rates, or dates of treatment.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
September granules at 1.8 and 2.2 kg/ha and wettable powder at 2.2 kg/ha gave most consistent winter weed control.
- Taxon
- bermudagrass
Cynodon dactylont0 - Treatment
- 1.8 and 2.2 kg/ha granule rates and 2.2 kg/ha wettable powder treatmente0
- Outcome
- control of winter weedse0
- Direction
- most consistente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The most consistent control of winter weeds from preemergence treatments applied in September occurred from the 1.8 and 2.2 kg/ha granule rates and 2.2 kg/ha wettable powder treatment”
t0“Bermudagrass”
Claim · model-written summary
September slurry did not effectively control parsleypiert.
- Taxon
- bermudagrassCynodon dactylont0
- Treatment
- Slurry treatments applied in Septembere0
- Interactor
- parsleypierte0weed
- Outcome
- control parsleypierte0
- Direction
- did not effectivelye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Slurry treatments applied in September did not effectively control parsleypiert ( Alchemilla microcarpa Boissier Reuter) or corn speedwell ( Veronica arvensis L.)”
t0“Bermudagrass”
Claim · model-written summary
September slurry did not effectively control corn speedwell.
- Taxon
- bermudagrassCynodon dactylont0
- Treatment
- Slurry treatments applied in Septembere0
- Interactor
- corn speedwell
Veronica arvensise0weed - Outcome
- corn speedwelle0
- Direction
- did not effectivelye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Slurry treatments applied in September did not effectively control parsleypiert ( Alchemilla microcarpa Boissier Reuter) or corn speedwell ( Veronica arvensis L.)”
t0“Bermudagrass”
Claim · model-written summary
February postemergence treatments controlled parsley-piert, corn speedwell and hopclover by at least 80%.
- Taxon
- bermudagrassCynodon dactylont0
- Treatment
- Postemergence February treatmentse0
- Outcome
- controlled parsley‐piert, corn speedwell, hopclovere0
- Direction
- effectivelye0
- Value
- 80% or highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Postemergence February treatments generally controlled parsley‐piert, corn speedwell, hopclover ( Trifolium agrarium L.), and annual bluegrass ( Poa annua L.) effectively (80% or higher) regardless of rates and formulations”
t0“Bermudagrass”
Claim · model-written summary
February postemergence treatments controlled annual bluegrass by at least 80%.
- Taxon
- bermudagrassCynodon dactylont0
- Treatment
- Postemergence February treatmentse0
- Interactor
- annual bluegrasse0weed
- Outcome
- annual bluegrasse0
- Direction
- effectivelye0
- Value
- 80% or highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Postemergence February treatments generally controlled parsley‐piert, corn speedwell, hopclover ( Trifolium agrarium L.), and annual bluegrass ( Poa annua L.) effectively (80% or higher) regardless of rates and formulations”
t0“Bermudagrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Granules at 0.9 kg/ha controlled hop clover less well than other formulations at that rate.
- Taxon
- bermudagrassCynodon dactylont0
- Treatment
- 0.9 kg/ha ratee0
- Outcome
- controle0
- Direction
- not as goode0
- Comparator
- other formulations at the same ratee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“control from the 0.9 kg/ha rate was not as good as when treated with other formulations at the same rate”
t0“Bermudagrass”
Claim · model-written summary
February granules did not satisfactorily control spur weed.
- Taxon
- bermudagrassCynodon dactylont0
- Treatment
- February granular treatmentse0
- Interactor
- spur weede0weed
- Outcome
- control spur weede0
- Direction
- did not satisfactorilye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“February granular treatments did not satisfactorily control spur weed ( Soliva spp)”
t0“Bermudagrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Wettable powder and slurry at 1.8 kg/ha or above controlled at least 70% of spur weeds.
- Taxon
- bermudagrassCynodon dactylont0
- Treatment
- 1.8 kg/ha or higher rates of wettable powder and slurry treatmentse0
- Outcome
- weeds were controllede0
- Direction
- controllede0
- Value
- at least 70%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“at least 70% of weeds were controlled with 1.8 kg/ha or higher rates of wettable powder and slurry treatments”
t0“Bermudagrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Repeated September and February treatments improved spur weed control over single treatments.
- Taxon
- bermudagrassCynodon dactylont0
- Treatment
- repeated September and February treatmentse0
- Interactor
- spur weede0weed
- Outcome
- spur weed controle0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- single treatments at selected ratese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“spur weed control was improved significantly from repeated September and February treatments when compared with single treatments at selected rates”
t0“Bermudagrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Simazine treatments did not delay bermudagrass spring growth.
- Taxon
- bermudagrassCynodon dactylone0
- Treatment
- simazine treatmentse0
- Outcome
- early growth of bermudagrasse0
- Direction
- None of the simazine treatments delayede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“None of the simazine treatments delayed early growth of bermudagrass in the spring regardless of formulation, rates, or dates of treatment”
The same questions in other papers
herbicide · organism · Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 5 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- no effect
5 papers more in this group
See all 9 papers →herbicide · control · Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass)Positive and negative results
9 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
- positive
8 papers more in this group
See all 12 papers →botanical · weed · Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
fertilization · weed · Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.