Abstract
Abstract It is usually necessary to apply herbicides to control both winter and summer weeds in bermudagrass [ Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. ‘Common’] turf. A study was conducted on a Cecil (Typic Hapludult) loam or sandy clay loam at Griffin, Ga. to determine whether combinations of preemergence type herbicides for summer weeds and postemergence type herbicides for winter weeds would control both type weeds as effectively as when each herbicide was applied singly. Tank mixture of paraquat (l,l′‐dimethyl‐4,4′‐bipyridinium ion) at 0.3 kg/ha with preemergence herbicide treatments generally controlled a higher percentage of winter annual broadleaf weeds than when paraquat was applied alone at the same rate. In contrast, glyphosate [ N (phosphonomethyl)glycine] mixtures were less effective than glyphosate alone. Control of corn speedwell ( Veronica arvensis L.) was significantly improved from tank mixture of 2,4‐D [(2,4‐dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] + mecoprop {2[(4‐chloro‐ o ‐tolyl)oxy]propionic acid} + dicamba (3,6‐dichloro‐ o ‐anisic acid) with preemergence treatments than with postemergence treatment alone. Bensulide [ O‐O ‐diisopropyl phosphorodithioate S ‐ester with N ‐(2‐mercaptoethyl)benzenesulfonamid] and prosulfalin { N ‐[[4‐(dipropylamino)‐3,5‐dinitrophenyl]sulfonyl]‐ S,S ‐dimethylsulfilimine} controlled large crabgrass [ Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.] as effectively when applied as tank mixtures with postemergence herbicide treatments as when applied alone. However, combination of DCPA (dimethyl tetrachloroterephthalate) with the same postemergence treatments reduced large crabgrass control in 1 or more years. Control of goosegrass [ Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn.] from tank mixtures of preemergence treatments with postemergence treatments was just as effective as with preemergence treatments alone.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Paraquat mixtures generally controlled a higher percentage of winter broadleaf weeds than paraquat alone.
- Taxon
- bermudagrass
Cynodon dactylone1 - Treatment
- Tank mixture of paraquat (l,l′‐dimethyl‐4,4′‐bipyridinium ion) at 0.3 kg/ha with preemergence herbicide treatmentse0
- Outcome
- percentage of winter annual broadleaf weedse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- paraquat was applied alone at the same ratee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tank mixture of paraquat (l,l′‐dimethyl‐4,4′‐bipyridinium ion) at 0.3 kg/ha with preemergence herbicide treatments generally controlled a higher percentage of winter annual broadleaf weeds than when paraquat was applied alone at the same rate.”
e1“bermudagrass [ Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. ‘Common’] turf”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate mixtures were less effective than glyphosate alone.
- Taxon
- bermudagrassCynodon dactylone1
- Treatment
- glyphosate [ N (phosphonomethyl)glycine] mixturese0
- Outcome
- less effectivee0
- Direction
- less effectivee0
- Comparator
- glyphosate alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“glyphosate [ N (phosphonomethyl)glycine] mixtures were less effective than glyphosate alone.”
e1“bermudagrass [ Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. ‘Common’] turf”
Claim · model-written summary
A 2,4-D, mecoprop and dicamba mixture with preemergence treatments significantly improved corn speedwell control.
- Taxon
- bermudagrassCynodon dactylone1
- Treatment
- tank mixture of 2,4‐D [(2,4‐dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] + mecoprop {2[(4‐chloro‐ o ‐tolyl)oxy]propionic acid} + dicamba (3,6‐dichloro‐ o ‐anisic acid) with preemergence treatmentse0
- Interactor
- corn speedwell
Veronica arvensise0weed - Outcome
- Control of corn speedwelle0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- postemergence treatment alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Control of corn speedwell ( Veronica arvensis L.) was significantly improved from tank mixture of 2,4‐D [(2,4‐dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] + mecoprop {2[(4‐chloro‐ o ‐tolyl)oxy]propionic acid} + dicamba (3,6‐dichloro‐ o ‐anisic acid) with preemergence treatments than with postemergence treatment alone.”
e1“bermudagrass [ Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. ‘Common’] turf”
Claim · model-written summary
Bensulide mixtures controlled large crabgrass as effectively as bensulide alone.
- Taxon
- bermudagrassCynodon dactylone1
- Treatment
- Bensulidee0
- Interactor
- large crabgrasse0weed
- Outcome
- controlled large crabgrasse0
- Direction
- as effectivelye0
- Comparator
- when applied alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bensulide [ O‐O ‐diisopropyl phosphorodithioate S ‐ester with N ‐(2‐mercaptoethyl)benzenesulfonamid] and prosulfalin { N ‐[[4‐(dipropylamino)‐3,5‐dinitrophenyl]sulfonyl]‐ S,S ‐dimethylsulfilimine} controlled large crabgrass [ Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.] as effectively when applied as tank mixtures with postemergence herbicide treatments as when applied alone.”
e1“bermudagrass [ Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. ‘Common’] turf”
Claim · model-written summary
Prosulfalin mixtures controlled large crabgrass as effectively as prosulfalin alone.
- Taxon
- bermudagrassCynodon dactylone1
- Treatment
- prosulfaline0
- Interactor
- large crabgrasse0weed
- Outcome
- controlled large crabgrasse0
- Direction
- as effectivelye0
- Comparator
- when applied alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bensulide [ O‐O ‐diisopropyl phosphorodithioate S ‐ester with N ‐(2‐mercaptoethyl)benzenesulfonamid] and prosulfalin { N ‐[[4‐(dipropylamino)‐3,5‐dinitrophenyl]sulfonyl]‐ S,S ‐dimethylsulfilimine} controlled large crabgrass [ Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.] as effectively when applied as tank mixtures with postemergence herbicide treatments as when applied alone.”
e1“bermudagrass [ Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. ‘Common’] turf”
Claim · model-written summary
DCPA mixtures reduced large crabgrass control in one or more years.
- Taxon
- bermudagrassCynodon dactylone1
- Treatment
- combination of DCPA (dimethyl tetrachloroterephthalate) with the same postemergence treatmentse0
- Interactor
- large crabgrasse0weed
- Outcome
- large crabgrass controle0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- in 1 or more yearse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“combination of DCPA (dimethyl tetrachloroterephthalate) with the same postemergence treatments reduced large crabgrass control in 1 or more years.”
e1“bermudagrass [ Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. ‘Common’] turf”
Claim · model-written summary
Goosegrass control from combined treatments was as effective as preemergence treatment alone.
- Taxon
- bermudagrassCynodon dactylone1
- Treatment
- tank mixtures of preemergence treatments with postemergence treatmentse0
- Interactor
- goosegrasse0weed
- Outcome
- Control of goosegrasse0
- Direction
- just as effectivee0
- Comparator
- preemergence treatments alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Control of goosegrass [ Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn.] from tank mixtures of preemergence treatments with postemergence treatments was just as effective as with preemergence treatments alone.”
e1“bermudagrass [ Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. ‘Common’] turf”
The same questions in other papers
paraquat · weed · Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
Bensulide · control · Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- positive
- positive
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →propanil · control · Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →acetic acid · Veronica arvensis · Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
2,4-D · Veronica arvensis · Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
dicamba · Veronica arvensis · Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
herbicide · control · Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 10 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
8 papers more in this group
See all 12 papers →herbicide · weed · Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass)Results agree
7 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.