Abstract
The herbicide fluridone is a soil-residual herbicide that should provide effective control of several problematic agronomic weeds, but because of herbicide persistence, injury to rotational crops is possible. In this experiment, multiple rates of fluridone were applied PRE to cotton at four irrigated locations across Arkansas to determine the risk of fluridone persisting and injuring subsequently planted wheat, corn, soybean, rice, grain sorghum, and sunflower. The multiple rates of fluridone were compared with fluometuron and evaluated for percentage of crop injury, crop density, and potential yield loss for each crop at the end of the subsequent growing season. Regardless of the location, wheat exhibited the greatest injury with 13 to 26% at Fayetteville (silt loam), 8 to 15% at Pine Tree (silt loam), 2 to 7% at Keiser (silty clay), and 3 to 8% at Rohwer (silty clay). Along with high levels of injury to wheat, fluridone at 900 g ai ha −1 caused loss of wheat stands to 29 plants m −1 row compared with fluometuron, which had stands of 49 plants m −1 row. Although injury occurred in wheat at all locations, no rate of fluridone reduced wheat yields compared with fluometuron. Injury to grain sorghum ranged from 5 to 10% from all rates of fluridone at Pine Tree. Fluridone at 900 g ha −1 (11 plants m −1 row) also reduced grain sorghum stands at Pine Tree over that of fluometuron (19 plants m −1 row). A decrease in grain sorghum yield was also observed from fluridone at 448, 673, and 900 g ha −1 compared with fluometuron at Pine Tree. At Keiser, rice exhibited significant levels of injury (1 to 13%) from fluridone 393 d after treatment. In conclusion, injury to a wheat rotational crop is more likely following an application of fluridone in cotton than is injury to other rotational crops, but yield reductions are not expected for most rotational crops when fluridone is applied to cotton at an anticipated labeled rate of 224 g ha −1 .
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat injury from fluridone carryover was about 13 to 26% at Fayetteville.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume1 - Treatment
- fluridonee0
- Outcome
- injurye1
- Direction
- increaseinferrede1
- Value
- 13 to 26%e1
- Setting
- Fayetteville (silt loam)e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“multiple rates of fluridone were applied PRE to cotton at four irrigated locations across Arkansas”
e1“Regardless of the location, wheat exhibited the greatest injury with 13 to 26% at Fayetteville (silt loam), 8 to 15% at Pine Tree (silt loam), 2 to 7% at Keiser (silty clay), and 3 to 8% at Rohwer (silty clay)”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat injury from fluridone carryover was about 8 to 15% at Pine Tree.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- fluridonee0
- Outcome
- injurye1
- Direction
- increaseinferrede1
- Value
- 8 to 15%e1
- Setting
- Pine Tree (silt loam)e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“multiple rates of fluridone were applied PRE to cotton at four irrigated locations across Arkansas”
e1“Regardless of the location, wheat exhibited the greatest injury with 13 to 26% at Fayetteville (silt loam), 8 to 15% at Pine Tree (silt loam), 2 to 7% at Keiser (silty clay), and 3 to 8% at Rohwer (silty clay)”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat injury from fluridone carryover was about 2 to 7% at Keiser.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- fluridonee0
- Outcome
- injurye1
- Direction
- increaseinferrede1
- Value
- 2 to 7%e1
- Setting
- Keiser (silty clay)e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“multiple rates of fluridone were applied PRE to cotton at four irrigated locations across Arkansas”
e1“Regardless of the location, wheat exhibited the greatest injury with 13 to 26% at Fayetteville (silt loam), 8 to 15% at Pine Tree (silt loam), 2 to 7% at Keiser (silty clay), and 3 to 8% at Rohwer (silty clay)”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat injury from fluridone carryover was about 3 to 8% at Rohwer.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- fluridonee0
- Outcome
- injurye1
- Direction
- increaseinferrede1
- Value
- 3 to 8%e1
- Setting
- Rohwer (silty clay)e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“multiple rates of fluridone were applied PRE to cotton at four irrigated locations across Arkansas”
e1“Regardless of the location, wheat exhibited the greatest injury with 13 to 26% at Fayetteville (silt loam), 8 to 15% at Pine Tree (silt loam), 2 to 7% at Keiser (silty clay), and 3 to 8% at Rohwer (silty clay)”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat showed the greatest injury of the rotational crops regardless of location.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- fluridonee7
- Outcome
- injurye1
- Direction
- greateste1
- Comparator
- other rotational cropse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Regardless of the location, wheat exhibited the greatest injury with 13 to 26% at Fayetteville (silt loam), 8 to 15% at Pine Tree (silt loam), 2 to 7% at Keiser (silty clay), and 3 to 8% at Rohwer (silty clay)”
e7“injury to a wheat rotational crop is more likely following an application of fluridone in cotton than is injury to other rotational crops”
Claim · model-written summary
Fluridone at 900 g ai ha −1 reduced wheat stands to 29 plants per m row compared with fluometuron (49 plants).
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Treatment
- fluridone at 900 g ai ha −1e2
- Outcome
- wheat standse2
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede2
- Value
- 29 plants m −1 rowe2
- Comparator
- fluometurone2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“fluridone at 900 g ai ha −1 caused loss of wheat stands to 29 plants m −1 row compared with fluometuron, which had stands of 49 plants m −1 row”
Claim · model-written summary
No rate of fluridone reduced wheat yields compared with fluometuron.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume3
- Treatment
- fluridonee3
- Outcome
- wheat yieldse3
- Direction
- reducede3
- Comparator
- fluometurone3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“no rate of fluridone reduced wheat yields compared with fluometuron”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain sorghum injury was about 5 to 10% from all rates of fluridone at Pine Tree.
- Taxon
- grain sorghum
Sorghum bicolore4 - Treatment
- all rates of fluridonee4
- Outcome
- Injurye4
- Direction
- increaseinferrede4
- Value
- 5 to 10%e4
- Setting
- Pine Treee4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Injury to grain sorghum ranged from 5 to 10% from all rates of fluridone at Pine Tree”
Claim · model-written summary
Fluridone at 900 g ha −1 reduced grain sorghum stands at Pine Tree compared with fluometuron.
- Taxon
- grain sorghumSorghum bicolore5
- Treatment
- Fluridone at 900 g ha −1e5
- Outcome
- grain sorghum standse5
- Direction
- reducede5
- Value
- 11 plants m −1 rowe5
- Qualifier
- 19 plants m −1 rowe5
- Comparator
- fluometurone5
- Setting
- Pine Treee5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Fluridone at 900 g ha −1 (11 plants m −1 row) also reduced grain sorghum stands at Pine Tree over that of fluometuron (19 plants m −1 row)”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain sorghum yield decreased from fluridone at 448, 673 and 900 g ha −1 compared with fluometuron at Pine Tree.
- Taxon
- grain sorghumSorghum bicolore6
- Treatment
- fluridone at 448, 673, and 900 g ha −1e6
- Outcome
- grain sorghum yielde6
- Direction
- decreasee6
- Comparator
- fluometurone6
- Setting
- Pine Treee6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“A decrease in grain sorghum yield was also observed from fluridone at 448, 673, and 900 g ha −1 compared with fluometuron at Pine Tree”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice injury from fluridone was about 1 to 13% at Keiser, 393 days after treatment.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- fluridonee0
- Outcome
- injurye0
- Direction
- increaseinferrede0
- Value
- 1 to 13%e0
- Qualifier
- 393 d after treatmente0
- Setting
- Keisere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At Keiser, rice exhibited significant levels of injury (1 to 13%) from fluridone 393 d after treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield reductions are not expected for most rotational crops when fluridone is applied to cotton at the anticipated labeled rate of 224 g ha −1.
Verbatim
e0“yield reductions are not expected for most rotational crops when fluridone is applied to cotton at an anticipated labeled rate of 224 g ha −1”
The same questions in other papers
Fluridone · organism · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
Fluridone · crop injury · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
Fluridone · crop injury · Sorghum bicolor (sorghum)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
Fluridone · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- no effect
- no effect
Fluridone · crop injury · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree
4 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
- negative
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.