Abstract
The management of soil organic matter is critical to maintain a productive organic farming system. No one source of nutrient usually suffices to maintain productivity and quality control in organic system. In addition, the inputs to supplement nutrient avail-ability are often not uniform presenting additional challenges in meeting the nutrient requirement of crops in organic systems. With this concept, a field experiment was conducted at the research farm of Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India during 2003-06 in rice-wheat-green gram cropping system. In this experiment, different treatments comprising organic amendments such as Blue Green Algae (BGA) 15kg/ha, Azolla 1.0 tonne/ha, Vermicompost and Farm Yard Manure (FYM) 5.0 tonne/ha each applied alone or in combination were tested in organic crop production. These treatments were compared with absolute control (N0P0K0) and recommended dose of chemical fertilizer (N80P40K40). In wheat crop Azotobacter replaced Azolla, but other treatments remained same. For rice, a scented variety ‘Pusa Basmati 1’ and for wheat and green gram HYVs were taken. Biomass of green gram was incorporated in soil after picking of pods and wheat was sown using zero tillage practice. The obser-vations on grain yield, contents of Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu in rice grains, insect pest inci-dence, soil nutrients and microbial activity were taken. Results revealed a significant enhancement in grain yield of rice over absolute control due to the application of different organic amendments applied alone or in combina-tions. Rice grain yield increased by 114 to 116.8% over absolute control when all the 4 organic amendments were applied altogether. The rice grain yield (4.0 t ha-1) obtained under combined application of four organic amendments was at par with the yield recorded under recommended dose of chemical fertilizer application. An interesting observation recorded was that there was no serious attack of any insect pest or dis-ease in organically grown crop. Soil microbial population (Actinomycetes, Bacteria, Fungi and BGA) enhanced due to the application of organic amendments in compari-son to absolute control as well as recommended fertilizer application that in turn re-sulted in a notable enhancement in soil dehydrogenase and phosphatase enzyme activity. Soil organic carbon and available phosphorus contents were also found to be significantly increased due to organic farming practice over control as well as chemical fertilizer application. Rice grain analysis for nutrients viz. Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu showed a significant increase in Fe and Mn content in the treatments having 2 or more organic amendments over control. Zn and Cu content also increased but the increment was significant with combined application of 3 or 4 organic amendments. The study revealed that addition of four organic amendments viz. BGA, Azolla, FYM and Vermicompost could give the optimum yield (4.05 t/ha) of organic Basmati rice and improve grain and soil quality.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Organic amendments alone or combined significantly enhanced rice grain yield over the absolute control.
- Taxon
- Rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- different organic amendmentse0
- Outcome
- grain yield of ricee0
- Direction
- enhancemente0
- Comparator
- absolute controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“BASMATI Rice”
e0“Results revealed a significant enhancement in grain yield of rice over absolute control due to the application of different organic amendments applied alone or in combina-tions.”
Claim · model-written summary
Applying all four organic amendments increased rice grain yield by 114 to 116.8% over the absolute control.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- all the 4 organic amendmentse0
- Outcome
- Rice grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 114 to 116.8%e0
- Comparator
- absolute controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“BASMATI Rice”
e0“Rice grain yield increased by 114 to 116.8% over absolute control when all the 4 organic amendments were applied altogether.”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice grain yield under the four-amendment combination was 4.0 t ha-1 and at par with the recommended chemical fertilizer dose.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- combined application of four organic amendmentse0
- Outcome
- rice grain yielde0
- Direction
- at pare0
- Value
- 4.0 t ha-1e0
- Comparator
- recommended dose of chemical fertilizer applicatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“BASMATI Rice”
e0“The rice grain yield (4.0 t ha-1) obtained under combined application of four organic amendments was at par with the yield recorded under recommended dose of chemical fertilizer application.”
Claim · model-written summary
No serious insect pest or disease attack was recorded in organically grown rice.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- organically growne0
- Outcome
- no serious attack of any insect pest or dis-easee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“BASMATI Rice”
e0“there was no serious attack of any insect pest or dis-ease in organically grown crop.”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic amendments increased soil microbial populations relative to absolute control and recommended fertilizer.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- organic amendmentse0
- Outcome
- Soil microbial population (Actinomycetes, Bacteria, Fungi and BGA)e0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Comparator
- absolute control as well as recommended fertilizer applicatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“BASMATI Rice”
e0“Soil microbial population (Actinomycetes, Bacteria, Fungi and BGA) enhanced due to the application of organic amendments in compari-son to absolute control as well as recommended fertilizer application”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic amendments enhanced soil dehydrogenase and phosphatase enzyme activity.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- organic amendmentse0
- Outcome
- soil dehydrogenase and phosphatase enzyme activitye0
- Direction
- enhancemente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“BASMATI Rice”
e0“Soil microbial population (Actinomycetes, Bacteria, Fungi and BGA) enhanced due to the application of organic amendments in compari-son to absolute control as well as recommended fertilizer application that in turn re-sulted in a notable enhancement in soil dehydrogenase and phosphatase enzyme activity.”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic farming significantly increased soil organic carbon relative to control and chemical fertilizer.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- organic farming practicee0
- Outcome
- Soil organic carbone0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- control as well as chemical fertilizer applicatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“BASMATI Rice”
e0“Soil organic carbon and available phosphorus contents were also found to be significantly increased due to organic farming practice over control as well as chemical fertilizer application.”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic farming significantly increased available soil phosphorus relative to control and chemical fertilizer.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- organic farming practicee0
- Outcome
- available phosphorus contentse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- control as well as chemical fertilizer applicatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“BASMATI Rice”
e0“Soil organic carbon and available phosphorus contents were also found to be significantly increased due to organic farming practice over control as well as chemical fertilizer application.”
Claim · model-written summary
Two or more organic amendments significantly increased iron content in rice grain over control.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 2 or more organic amendmentse0
- Outcome
- Fee0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“BASMATI Rice”
e0“Rice grain analysis for nutrients viz. Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu showed a significant increase in Fe and Mn content in the treatments having 2 or more organic amendments over control.”
Claim · model-written summary
Two or more organic amendments significantly increased manganese content in rice grain over control.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 2 or more organic amendmentse0
- Outcome
- Mn contente0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“BASMATI Rice”
e0“Rice grain analysis for nutrients viz. Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu showed a significant increase in Fe and Mn content in the treatments having 2 or more organic amendments over control.”
Claim · model-written summary
Three or four combined organic amendments significantly increased zinc content in rice grain.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- combined application of 3 or 4 organic amendmentse0
- Outcome
- Zne0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“BASMATI Rice”
e0“Zn and Cu content also increased but the increment was significant with combined application of 3 or 4 organic amendments.”
Claim · model-written summary
Three or four combined organic amendments significantly increased copper content in rice grain.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- combined application of 3 or 4 organic amendmentse0
- Outcome
- Cu contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“BASMATI Rice”
e0“Zn and Cu content also increased but the increment was significant with combined application of 3 or 4 organic amendments.”
Claim · model-written summary
Four organic amendments yielded an optimum 4.05 t/ha of organic Basmati rice.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- four organic amendments viz. BGA, Azolla, FYM and Vermicomposte0
- Outcome
- optimum yielde0
- Direction
- optimume0
- Value
- 4.05 t/hae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“BASMATI Rice”
e0“addition of four organic amendments viz. BGA, Azolla, FYM and Vermicompost could give the optimum yield (4.05 t/ha) of organic Basmati rice”
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