Abstract
Turkington, T. K., O'Donovan, J. T., Harker, K. N., Xi, K., Blackshaw, R. E., Johnson, E. N., Peng, G., Kutcher, H. R., May, W. E., Lafond, G. P., Mohr, R. M., Irvine, R. B. and Stevenson, C. 2015. The impact of fungicide and herbicide timing on foliar disease severity, and barley productivity and quality. Can. J. Plant Sci. 95: 525–537. There is interest in mixing herbicides with a half-rate of fungicide at herbicide timings for barley in western Canada. At six sites across the Canadian prairies from 2010 to 2012 combinations of herbicide and the fungicide Tilt ® (propiconazole) were applied to barley at the two- to three-leaf stage (herbicide and half-rate fungicide), five- to six-leaf stage (herbicide and half-rate fungicide), and/or the flag leaf stage (full or half-rate fungicide only). Each plot area was cross-seeded with tame oat as a model weed prior to seeding. Upper canopy leaf samples were collected for leaf disease assessment at the early dough growth stage. Weed biomass, and grain yield and quality were determined. Total leaf area diseased (a combination of scald, both forms of net blotch and spot blotch) was greater for the two- to three- or five- to six-leaf stage herbicide-only treatments and the combination herbicide and half-rate fungicide treatments compared with fungicide at the flag leaf stage. Yield, 1000-kernel weight, kernel plumpness and test weight were greatest and kernel thins lowest for treatments with a flag leaf stage fungicide application. Split applications of fungicide at the time of herbicide application and at flag leaf emergence did not improve disease management and crop productivity compared with a single full rate fungicide application at the flag leaf stage. Weed biomass was generally not influenced by the treatments because weed control was excellent at all sites. However, yield was lower when herbicide was applied at the five- to six-leaf versus the two- to three-leaf stage. For improved leaf disease management and yield in barley, fungicide applications should include a flag leaf stage timing for adequate protection of upper canopy leaves, which are key contributors to yield and grain filling. Delaying herbicide application to the five- to six-leaf stage in an attempt to accommodate a fungicide application reduces barley yield due to early-season weed interference.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Early herbicide-only and herbicide plus half-rate fungicide treatments had more diseased barley leaf area than flag-leaf fungicide.
- Taxon
- barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaret0 - Treatment
- two- to three- or five- to six-leaf stage herbicide-only treatments and the combination herbicide and half-rate fungicide treatmentse0
- Outcome
- Total leaf area diseasede0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- fungicide at the flag leaf stagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“barley”
e0“Total leaf area diseased (a combination of scald, both forms of net blotch and spot blotch) was greater for the two- to three- or five- to six-leaf stage herbicide-only treatments and the combination herbicide and half-rate fungicide treatments compared with fungicide at the flag leaf stage.”
Claim · model-written summary
Flag-leaf fungicide treatments gave the greatest barley yield, thousand-kernel weight and kernel plumpness.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- flag leaf stage fungicide applicatione0
- Outcome
- Yield, 1000-kernel weight, kernel plumpnesse0
- Direction
- greateste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“barley”
e0“Yield, 1000-kernel weight, kernel plumpness and test weight were greatest and kernel thins lowest for treatments with a flag leaf stage fungicide application.”
Claim · model-written summary
Flag-leaf fungicide treatments gave the greatest barley test weight.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- flag leaf stage fungicide applicatione0
- Outcome
- test weighte0
- Direction
- greateste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“barley”
e0“Yield, 1000-kernel weight, kernel plumpness and test weight were greatest and kernel thins lowest for treatments with a flag leaf stage fungicide application.”
Claim · model-written summary
Flag-leaf fungicide treatments gave the lowest barley kernel thins.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- flag leaf stage fungicide applicatione0
- Outcome
- kernel thinse0
- Direction
- loweste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“barley”
e0“kernel thins lowest for treatments with a flag leaf stage fungicide application”
Claim · model-written summary
Split fungicide applications did not improve barley disease management relative to one full-rate flag-leaf application.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- Split applications of fungicide at the time of herbicide application and at flag leaf emergencee0
- Outcome
- disease managemente0
- Direction
- did not improvee0
- Comparator
- a single full rate fungicide application at the flag leaf stagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“barley”
e0“Split applications of fungicide at the time of herbicide application and at flag leaf emergence did not improve disease management and crop productivity compared with a single full rate fungicide application at the flag leaf stage.”
Claim · model-written summary
Split fungicide applications did not improve barley crop productivity relative to one full-rate flag-leaf application.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- Split applications of fungicide at the time of herbicide application and at flag leaf emergencee0
- Outcome
- crop productivitye0
- Direction
- did not improvee0
- Comparator
- a single full rate fungicide application at the flag leaf stagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“barley”
e0“Split applications of fungicide at the time of herbicide application and at flag leaf emergence did not improve disease management and crop productivity compared with a single full rate fungicide application at the flag leaf stage.”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatments generally did not influence tame-oat weed biomass.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- the treatmentse0
- Interactor
- tame oate1weed
- Outcome
- Weed biomasse0
- Direction
- not influencede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“barley”
e0“Weed biomass was generally not influenced by the treatments because weed control was excellent at all sites.”
e1“Each plot area was cross-seeded with tame oat as a model weed prior to seeding.”
Claim · model-written summary
Barley yield was lower with herbicide at the five- to six-leaf stage than at the two- to three-leaf stage.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- herbicide was applied at the five- to six-leafe0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- two- to three-leaf stagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“barley”
e0“yield was lower when herbicide was applied at the five- to six-leaf versus the two- to three-leaf stage.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend including flag-leaf fungicide timing for barley disease control and yield.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Outcome
- fungicide applications should include a flag leaf stage timinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“barley”
e0“For improved leaf disease management and yield in barley, fungicide applications should include a flag leaf stage timing for adequate protection of upper canopy leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude delaying barley herbicide application to five or six leaves reduces yield because of early weed interference.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- Delaying herbicide application to the five- to six-leaf stagee0
- Outcome
- barley yielde0
- Direction
- reducese0
- Qualifier
- early-season weed interferencee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“barley”
e0“Delaying herbicide application to the five- to six-leaf stage in an attempt to accommodate a fungicide application reduces barley yield due to early-season weed interference.”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.