Abstract
The effect of treatment with benzothiadiazole (BTH) or l-2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (OTC), and their interaction with Plum pox virus (PPV) infection, on antioxidative metabolism of pea plants was studied at the subcellular level. PPV infection produced a 20% reduction in plant growth. Pre-treatment of pea plants with OTC or BTH afforded partial protection against PPV infection, measured as the percentage of leaves showing symptoms, but neither BTH nor OTC significantly reduced the virus content. PPV infection caused oxidative stress, as monitored by increases in lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation in soluble and chloroplastic fractions. In leaves of non-infected plants, OTC increased the content of reduced glutathione (GSH) and total glutathione; accordingly, an increase in the redox state of glutathione was observed. An increase in oxidized glutathione (GSSG) was found in symptomatic leaves from infected plants. A similar increase in GSSG was also observed in asymptomatic leaves from infected, untreated plants. However, no changes in GSSG occurred in asymptomatic leaves from infected plants treated with BTH and OTC and, accordingly, a higher redox state of GSH was recorded in those leaves, which could have had a role in the reduction of symptoms, as observed in asymptomatic leaves from infected plants treated with BTH or OTC. Treatment with BTH or OTC had some effect on antioxidant enzymes in soluble and chloroplastic fractions from infected pea leaves. An increase in antioxidative mechanisms, such as GSH-related enzymes (DHAR, GR and G6PDH), as well as APX and POX, at the subcellular level was observed, which could play a role in reducing the severity of cellular damage induced by Sharka in pea leaves.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
PPV infection reduced pea growth by 20%.
- Taxon
- pea
Lathyrus oleraceust0 - Treatment
- PPV infectione0
- Interactor
- PPVe0pathogen
- Outcome
- plant growthe0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 20%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PPV infection produced a 20% reduction in plant growth”
t0“pea leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
OTC pretreatment partially protected pea leaves against PPV symptoms.
- Taxon
- pea plantsLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Treatment
- OTCe0
- Interactor
- PPVe0pathogen
- Outcome
- percentage of leaves showing symptomse0
- Direction
- partial protectione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pre-treatment of pea plants with OTC or BTH afforded partial protection against PPV infection, measured as the percentage of leaves showing symptoms”
t0“pea leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
BTH pretreatment partially protected pea leaves against PPV symptoms.
- Taxon
- pea plantsLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Treatment
- BTHe0
- Interactor
- PPVe0pathogen
- Outcome
- percentage of leaves showing symptomse0
- Direction
- partial protectione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pre-treatment of pea plants with OTC or BTH afforded partial protection against PPV infection, measured as the percentage of leaves showing symptoms”
Claim · model-written summary
BTH did not significantly reduce virus content.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- BTHe0
- Interactor
- viruse0pathogen
- Outcome
- virus contente0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“neither BTH nor OTC significantly reduced the virus content”
t0“pea leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
OTC did not significantly reduce virus content.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- OTCe0
- Interactor
- viruse0pathogen
- Outcome
- virus contente0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“neither BTH nor OTC significantly reduced the virus content”
t0“pea leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
PPV infection increased lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation in soluble and chloroplastic fractions.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceust0
- Organ / stage
- soluble and chloroplastic fractionse0
- Treatment
- PPV infectione0
- Interactor
- PPVe0pathogen
- Outcome
- lipid peroxidation and protein oxidatione0
- Direction
- increasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PPV infection caused oxidative stress, as monitored by increases in lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation in soluble and chloroplastic fractions”
t0“pea leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
OTC increased reduced and total glutathione in noninfected leaves.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceust0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- OTCe0
- Outcome
- content of reduced glutathione (GSH) and total glutathionee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In leaves of non-infected plants, OTC increased the content of reduced glutathione (GSH) and total glutathione”
t0“pea leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
OTC increased glutathione redox state in noninfected leaves.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceust0
- Organ / stage
- leavese1
- Treatment
- OTCe1
- Outcome
- redox state of glutathionee0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“accordingly, an increase in the redox state of glutathione was observed”
e1“In leaves of non-infected plants, OTC increased”
t0“pea leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Oxidized glutathione increased in symptomatic infected leaves.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceust0
- Organ / stage
- symptomatic leavese0
- Interactor
- infected plantse0pathogen
- Outcome
- oxidized glutathione (GSSG)e0
- Direction
- increasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An increase in oxidized glutathione (GSSG) was found in symptomatic leaves from infected plants”
t0“pea leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Oxidized glutathione increased in asymptomatic infected untreated leaves.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceust0
- Organ / stage
- asymptomatic leavese0
- Outcome
- GSSGe0
- Direction
- increasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A similar increase in GSSG was also observed in asymptomatic leaves from infected, untreated plants”
t0“pea leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
GSSG did not change in asymptomatic infected BTH-treated leaves.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceust0
- Organ / stage
- asymptomatic leavese0
- Treatment
- BTHe0
- Outcome
- GSSGe0
- Direction
- no changese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“no changes in GSSG occurred in asymptomatic leaves from infected plants treated with BTH and OTC”
t0“pea leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
GSSG did not change in asymptomatic infected OTC-treated leaves.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceust0
- Organ / stage
- asymptomatic leavese0
- Treatment
- OTCe0
- Outcome
- GSSGe0
- Direction
- no changese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“no changes in GSSG occurred in asymptomatic leaves from infected plants treated with BTH and OTC”
t0“pea leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
The GSH redox state was higher in asymptomatic leaves of infected plants treated with BTH and OTC.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceust0
- Organ / stage
- asymptomatic leavese1
- Treatment
- BTH and OTCe1
- Outcome
- redox state of GSHe0
- Direction
- highere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a higher redox state of GSH was recorded in those leaves”
e1“asymptomatic leaves from infected plants treated with BTH and OTC”
t0“pea leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
BTH or OTC affected antioxidant enzymes in infected soluble and chloroplastic fractions.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Organ / stage
- soluble and chloroplastic fractionse0
- Treatment
- BTH or OTCe0
- Outcome
- antioxidant enzymese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatment with BTH or OTC had some effect on antioxidant enzymes in soluble and chloroplastic fractions from infected pea leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
GSH-related enzymes, APX, and POX increased at the subcellular level.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceust0
- Outcome
- GSH-related enzymes (DHAR, GR and G6PDH), as well as APX and POXe0
- Direction
- increasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An increase in antioxidative mechanisms, such as GSH-related enzymes (DHAR, GR and G6PDH), as well as APX and POX, at the subcellular level was observed”
t0“pea leaves”
The same questions in other papers
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- positive
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2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- no effect
- no effect
infection · growth · Lathyrus oleraceus (pea)Results agree
5 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
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See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.