Abstract
Growers of sprouting broccoli, Brassica oleracea var. italica, find that plants developing during the summer and fall months have a high percentage of hollow stem. These experiments were conducted in the central coastal broccoli districts of California to study hollow stem and pith discoloration in relation to growth and environmental factors. Foliar applications of the trace nutrients boron, magnesium, manganese, copper, zinc, and iron during the growth of the crop had no effect on the incidence of hollow stem and pith discoloration. Close plant spacing reduced the percentage of hollow stem. Higher rates of application of nitrogen fertilizer increased the incidence of hollow stem. The hollow stem condition begins following the initiation of the central inflorescence, the “center bud.” At first these are elliptical transverse gaps in the tissues which gradually enlarge so much that the stem is hollow as shown in the photo. There is ordinarily no discoloration of the surfaces of these openings at harvest. However, pith breakdown and discoloration may develop during shipping and marketing.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by-sa. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar trace nutrients had no effect on broccoli hollow stem or pith discoloration.
- Taxon
- broccoli
Brassica oleracea var. italicat0 - Treatment
- Foliar applications of the trace nutrients boron, magnesium, manganese, copper, zinc, and irone0
- Outcome
- incidence of hollow stem and pith discoloratione0
- Direction
- no effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar applications of the trace nutrients boron, magnesium, manganese, copper, zinc, and iron during the growth of the crop had no effect on the incidence of hollow stem and pith discoloration.”
t0“broccoli”
Claim · model-written summary
Close spacing reduced broccoli hollow-stem incidence.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- Close plant spacinge0
- Outcome
- percentage of hollow steme0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Close plant spacing reduced the percentage of hollow stem.”
t0“broccoli”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher nitrogen rates increased broccoli hollow-stem incidence.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- Higher rates of application of nitrogen fertilizere0
- Outcome
- incidence of hollow steme0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Higher rates of application of nitrogen fertilizer increased the incidence of hollow stem.”
t0“broccoli”
Claim · model-written summary
Hollow stem began after initiation of the central inflorescence.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Organ / stage
- central inflorescencee0
- Outcome
- hollow stem condition beginse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The hollow stem condition begins following the initiation of the central inflorescence, the “center bud.””
t0“broccoli”
Claim · model-written summary
Elliptical gaps enlarged until the broccoli stem became hollow.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Outcome
- elliptical transverse gaps in the tissues which gradually enlargee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At first these are elliptical transverse gaps in the tissues which gradually enlarge so much that the stem is hollow”
t0“broccoli”
Claim · model-written summary
Opening surfaces ordinarily lacked discoloration at harvest.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Organ / stage
- harveste0
- Outcome
- no discoloration of the surfaces of these openingse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There is ordinarily no discoloration of the surfaces of these openings at harvest.”
t0“broccoli”
Claim · model-written summary
Broccoli pith breakdown and discoloration may develop during shipping and marketing.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Outcome
- pith breakdown and discoloratione0
- Qualifier
- may develop during shipping and marketinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pith breakdown and discoloration may develop during shipping and marketing.”
t0“broccoli”
The same questions in other papers
iron atom · disease · Brassica oleracea (wild cabbage)Positive and negative results
2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
zinc atom · disease · Brassica oleracea (wild cabbage)Positive and negative results
2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
magnesium atom · disease · Brassica oleracea (wild cabbage)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
manganese atom · disease · Brassica oleracea (wild cabbage)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
copper atom · disease · Brassica oleracea (wild cabbage)Positive and negative results
3 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
boron atom · disease · Brassica oleracea (wild cabbage)Positive and negative results
6 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →fertilization · disease · Brassica oleracea (wild cabbage)Positive and negative results
6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 8 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
11 papers more in this group
See all 15 papers →application · disease · Brassica oleracea (wild cabbage)Positive and negative results
6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 22 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
25 papers more in this group
See all 29 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.