Abstract
Callus cells of rice (Oryza sativa L.) that were actively dividing in suspension culture had lost the ability to divide during the isolation process of protoplasts. Factors influencing the protoplast viability were examined using highly purified preparations of cellulase C(1), xylanase, and pectin lyase, which were essential enzymes for the isolation of protoplasts from the rice cells. The treatment of the cells with xylanase and pectin lyase, both of which are macerating enzymes, caused cellular damage. Xylanase treatment was more detrimental to the cells. Osmotic stress, cell wall fragments solubilized by xylanase, and disassembly of cortical microtubules were not the primary factors which damaged the rice cells and protoplasts. The addition of AgNO(3), an inhibitor of ethylene action, to the protoplast isolation medium increased the number of colonies formed from the cultured protoplasts, although the yield of protoplasts was reduced by the addition. Superoxide radical (O(2)-) was generated from the cells treated with xylanase or pectin lyase. The addition of superoxide dismutase and catalase to the protoplast isolation medium resulted in a marked improvement in protoplast viability especially when the non-additive control protoplasts formed colonies with a low frequency. The addition of glutathione peroxidase and phospholipase A(2), which have been known to reduce and detoxify lipid hydroperoxides in membranes, to the protoplast culture medium significantly increased the frequency of colony formation. These results suggested that some of the damage to rice protoplasts may be caused by oxygen toxicity.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Rice callus cells lost division ability during protoplast isolation.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Outcome
- lost the ability to dividee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Callus cells of rice (Oryza sativa L.) that were actively dividing in suspension culture had lost the ability to divide during the isolation process of protoplasts.”
Claim · model-written summary
Xylanase and pectin lyase damaged rice cells.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- xylanase and pectin lyasee1
- Outcome
- cellular damagee1
- Direction
- causede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The treatment of the cells with xylanase and pectin lyase, both of which are macerating enzymes, caused cellular damage.”
e0“Callus cells of rice (Oryza sativa L.) that were actively dividing in suspension culture had lost the ability to divide during the isolation process of protoplasts.”
Claim · model-written summary
Xylanase was more detrimental to rice cells.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Xylanase treatmente2
- Outcome
- detrimental to the cellse2
- Direction
- more detrimentale2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Xylanase treatment was more detrimental to the cells.”
e0“Callus cells of rice (Oryza sativa L.) that were actively dividing in suspension culture had lost the ability to divide during the isolation process of protoplasts.”
Claim · model-written summary
Osmotic stress, xylanase-solubilized cell wall fragments and cortical microtubule disassembly were not primary causes of damage.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae3
- Outcome
- not the primary factors which damaged the rice cells and protoplastse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Osmotic stress, cell wall fragments solubilized by xylanase, and disassembly of cortical microtubules were not the primary factors which damaged the rice cells and protoplasts.”
Claim · model-written summary
AgNO(3) increased colony formation from rice protoplasts.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- AgNO(3)e4
- Outcome
- number of colonies formed from the cultured protoplastse4
- Direction
- increasede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“The addition of AgNO(3), an inhibitor of ethylene action, to the protoplast isolation medium increased the number of colonies formed from the cultured protoplasts, although the yield of protoplasts was reduced by the addition.”
e0“Callus cells of rice (Oryza sativa L.) that were actively dividing in suspension culture had lost the ability to divide during the isolation process of protoplasts.”
Claim · model-written summary
AgNO(3) reduced protoplast yield.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- AgNO(3)e4
- Outcome
- yield of protoplastse5
- Direction
- reducede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“the yield of protoplasts was reduced by the addition”
e4“The addition of AgNO(3), an inhibitor of ethylene action, to the protoplast isolation medium increased the number of colonies formed from the cultured protoplasts, although the yield of protoplasts was reduced by the addition.”
e0“Callus cells of rice (Oryza sativa L.) that were actively dividing in suspension culture had lost the ability to divide during the isolation process of protoplasts.”
Claim · model-written summary
Xylanase or pectin lyase treatment generated superoxide radical from rice cells.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- xylanase or pectin lyasee6
- Outcome
- Superoxide radical (O(2)-) was generatede6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Superoxide radical (O(2)-) was generated from the cells treated with xylanase or pectin lyase.”
e0“Callus cells of rice (Oryza sativa L.) that were actively dividing in suspension culture had lost the ability to divide during the isolation process of protoplasts.”
Claim · model-written summary
Superoxide dismutase and catalase improved rice protoplast viability.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- superoxide dismutase and catalasee7
- Outcome
- protoplast viabilitye7
- Direction
- marked improvemente7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“The addition of superoxide dismutase and catalase to the protoplast isolation medium resulted in a marked improvement in protoplast viability”
e0“Callus cells of rice (Oryza sativa L.) that were actively dividing in suspension culture had lost the ability to divide during the isolation process of protoplasts.”
Claim · model-written summary
Glutathione peroxidase and phospholipase A(2) increased colony formation.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- glutathione peroxidase and phospholipase A(2)e7
- Outcome
- frequency of colony formatione7
- Direction
- increasede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“The addition of glutathione peroxidase and phospholipase A(2), which have been known to reduce and detoxify lipid hydroperoxides in membranes, to the protoplast culture medium significantly increased the frequency of colony formation.”
e0“Callus cells of rice (Oryza sativa L.) that were actively dividing in suspension culture had lost the ability to divide during the isolation process of protoplasts.”
The same questions in other papers
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1 in the opposite direction
- positive
pectin · pest · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.