Abstract
Boron deficiency induced a dramatic inhibition in sunflower plant growth, shown by a reduction in dry mass of roots and shoots of plants grown for 10 d in nutrient solution supplied with 0.02 µM B. This low B supply facilitated the appearance of brown purple pigmentation on the plant leaves over the entire growth period. Compared to B-sufficient (BS) leaves, leakage from B-deficient (BD) leaves was 20 fold higher for potassium, 38 fold for sucrose, and 6 fold for phenolic compounds. High level of membrane peroxidation was detected by measuring peroxidase activities as well as peroxidative products in BD sunflower plants. Soluble and bound peroxidase activities measured in BD thylakoid membranes were accelerated two fold compared to those detected in BS-membranes. No detectable change in soluble peroxidase activity in roots whereas a 4 fold stimulation in bound peroxidase activity was detected. Thylakoid membranes subjected to low B supply showed enhancement in lipoxygenase activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in parallel with 40 and 30 % decrease of linoleic and linolenic acid contents (related to total unsaturated fatty acids). A slower rate of Hill reaction activity (40 %) and a suppressed flow of electron transfer of the whole chain (30 %) were detected in BD thylakoid membranes. This reduction was accompanied with a decline in the activity of photosystem 2 shown by a diminished rate of oxygen evolution (42 %) coupled with a quenching (27.5 %) in chlorophyll a fluorescence emission spectra at 685 nm (F685). Thus B is an important element for membrane maintenance, protection, and function by minimizing or limiting production of free oxygen radicals in thylakoid membranes of sunflower leaves.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Boron deficiency inhibited sunflower growth, reducing dry mass of roots and shoots of plants grown 10 d in nutrient solution with 0.02 µM B.
- Taxon
- sunflower
Helianthus annuuse0 - Treatment
- Boron deficiencye0
- Outcome
- dry mass of roots and shootse0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Boron deficiency induced a dramatic inhibition in sunflower plant growth, shown by a reduction in dry mass of roots and shoots”
Claim · model-written summary
Low B supply led to brown purple pigmentation on sunflower leaves over the whole growth period.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- low B supplye0
- Outcome
- appearance of brown purple pigmentatione0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This low B supply facilitated the appearance of brown purple pigmentation on the plant leaves over the entire growth period”
t0“Sunflower Leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium leakage from B-deficient sunflower leaves was 20 fold higher than from B-sufficient leaves.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- B-deficient (BD) leavese0
- Compound
- potassiume0
- Outcome
- leakagee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 20 folde0
- Comparator
- B-sufficient (BS) leavese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared to B-sufficient (BS) leaves, leakage from B-deficient (BD) leaves was 20 fold higher for potassium, 38 fold for sucrose, and 6 fold for phenolic compounds”
t0“Sunflower Leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Sucrose leakage from B-deficient sunflower leaves was 38 fold higher than from B-sufficient leaves.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- B-deficient (BD) leavese0
- Compound
- sucrosee0
- Outcome
- leakagee0
- Direction
- higherinferrede0
- Value
- 38 folde0
- Comparator
- B-sufficient (BS) leavese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared to B-sufficient (BS) leaves, leakage from B-deficient (BD) leaves was 20 fold higher for potassium, 38 fold for sucrose, and 6 fold for phenolic compounds”
t0“Sunflower Leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Leakage of phenolic compounds from B-deficient sunflower leaves was 6 fold higher than from B-sufficient leaves.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- B-deficient (BD) leavese0
- Compound
- phenolic compoundse0
- Outcome
- leakagee0
- Direction
- higherinferrede0
- Value
- 6 folde0
- Comparator
- B-sufficient (BS) leavese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared to B-sufficient (BS) leaves, leakage from B-deficient (BD) leaves was 20 fold higher for potassium, 38 fold for sucrose, and 6 fold for phenolic compounds”
t0“Sunflower Leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
A high level of membrane peroxidation was detected in B-deficient sunflower plants from peroxidase activities and peroxidative products.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Outcome
- membrane peroxidatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High level of membrane peroxidation was detected by measuring peroxidase activities as well as peroxidative products in BD sunflower plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Soluble and bound peroxidase activities in thylakoid membranes of B-deficient leaves were two fold higher than in B-sufficient membranes.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Organ / stage
- thylakoid membranese0
- Treatment
- BDe0
- Outcome
- Soluble and bound peroxidase activitiese0
- Direction
- acceleratede0
- Value
- two folde0
- Comparator
- BS-membranese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soluble and bound peroxidase activities measured in BD thylakoid membranes were accelerated two fold compared to those detected in BS-membranes”
t0“Sunflower Leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Soluble peroxidase activity in roots showed no detectable change.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Outcome
- soluble peroxidase activity in rootse0
- Direction
- No detectable changee0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No detectable change in soluble peroxidase activity in roots whereas a 4 fold stimulation in bound peroxidase activity was detected”
t0“Sunflower Leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Bound peroxidase activity in roots was stimulated 4 fold.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Outcome
- bound peroxidase activitye0
- Direction
- stimulatione0
- Value
- 4 folde0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No detectable change in soluble peroxidase activity in roots whereas a 4 fold stimulation in bound peroxidase activity was detected”
t0“Sunflower Leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Thylakoid membranes under low B supply showed enhanced lipoxygenase activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Organ / stage
- Thylakoid membranese0
- Treatment
- low B supplye0
- Outcome
- lipoxygenase activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) contente0
- Direction
- enhancemente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Thylakoid membranes subjected to low B supply showed enhancement in lipoxygenase activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in parallel with 40 and 30 % decrease of linoleic and linolenic acid contents”
t0“Sunflower Leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Linoleic acid content of thylakoid membranes under low B supply decreased by 40%.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Organ / stage
- Thylakoid membranese0
- Treatment
- low B supplye0
- Outcome
- linoleice0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Value
- 40e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Thylakoid membranes subjected to low B supply showed enhancement in lipoxygenase activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in parallel with 40 and 30 % decrease of linoleic and linolenic acid contents”
t0“Sunflower Leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Linolenic acid content of thylakoid membranes under low B supply decreased by 30%.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Organ / stage
- Thylakoid membranese0
- Treatment
- low B supplye0
- Outcome
- linolenic acid contentse0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Value
- 30 %e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Thylakoid membranes subjected to low B supply showed enhancement in lipoxygenase activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in parallel with 40 and 30 % decrease of linoleic and linolenic acid contents”
t0“Sunflower Leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Hill reaction activity in B-deficient thylakoid membranes was slower by 40%.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Organ / stage
- thylakoid membranese0
- Treatment
- BDe0
- Outcome
- Hill reaction activitye0
- Direction
- slowere0
- Value
- 40 %e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A slower rate of Hill reaction activity (40 %) and a suppressed flow of electron transfer of the whole chain (30 %) were detected in BD thylakoid membranes”
t0“Sunflower Leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Electron transfer flow of the whole chain in B-deficient thylakoid membranes was suppressed by 30%.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Organ / stage
- thylakoid membranese0
- Treatment
- BDe0
- Outcome
- electron transfer of the whole chaine0
- Direction
- suppressede0
- Value
- 30 %e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A slower rate of Hill reaction activity (40 %) and a suppressed flow of electron transfer of the whole chain (30 %) were detected in BD thylakoid membranes”
t0“Sunflower Leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Photosystem 2 activity declined in low-B thylakoids, with oxygen evolution diminished by 42%.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Outcome
- rate of oxygen evolutione0
- Direction
- diminishede0
- Value
- 42 %e0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a diminished rate of oxygen evolution (42 %) coupled with a quenching (27.5 %) in chlorophyll a fluorescence emission spectra at 685 nm (F685)”
t0“Sunflower Leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorophyll a fluorescence emission at 685 nm (F685) was quenched by 27.5% in low-B thylakoids.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll a fluorescence emission spectra at 685 nm (F685)e0
- Direction
- quenchinge0
- Value
- 27.5 %e0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a diminished rate of oxygen evolution (42 %) coupled with a quenching (27.5 %) in chlorophyll a fluorescence emission spectra at 685 nm (F685)”
t0“Sunflower Leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that B is important for membrane maintenance, protection and function by limiting free oxygen radical production in thylakoid membranes of sunflower leaves.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Compound
- Be0
- Outcome
- membrane maintenance, protection, and functione0
- Qualifier
- minimizing or limiting production of free oxygen radicals in thylakoid membranese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“B is an important element for membrane maintenance, protection, and function by minimizing or limiting production of free oxygen radicals in thylakoid membranes of sunflower leaves”
The same questions in other papers
boron atom · quality: oil · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Results differ
19 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
This paper is about lacking the nutrient, so it counts the other way round here.
- no effect
- no effect
- no effect
19 papers more in this group
See all 23 papers →boron atom · growth · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Results differ
32 papers in the same direction as this paper · 5 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
This paper is about lacking the nutrient, so it counts the other way round here.
- positive
- positive
- negative
35 papers more in this group
See all 39 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.