Abstract
Precision land leveling with permanent raised bed planting with recommended dose of NPK can be used to improve crop yield, water and nutrient use efficiency over the existing traditional land leveling with flat beds planting with recommended dose of NPK practices. The objective of the present study was to establish an understanding of maize-wheat rotation yield and input use efficiency can be improved and how land leveling and crop establishment practices can be modified to be more efficient in water use through precision conservation crop management techniques. To conduct a farmers participatory field experiment during 2009-2011 in the jurisdiction of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut, U.P. Multi crop planter with inclined plate seed metering device machine were given to the farmers and crops were sown on permanent raised beds in maize-wheat cropping system. The data collected from the farmers participatory field experiment showed that there was about 20.4% (295.8 mm/ha for wide beds that is, 107 cm furrow centre gap) water saving and about 16.5% (310.3 mm/ha for narrow beds that is, 37 cm furrow centre gap) with grain yield increase of about 13.5% (5.13 and 4.44 t/ha) for wheat crop and 11.8% (4.33 and 3.82 t/ha) for maize crop with precision land leveling raised bed planting compared to traditional land leveling with flat beds planting. The agronomic efficiency (AE) of N (23.4 and 30.4 kg grain/kg N for maize and wheat) and uptake of N, P and K (103.85, 25.6 and 110.7 kg/ha for maize and 112.95, 19.49 and 112.96 kg/ha for wheat) were significantly improved under precision land leveling with raised bed planting technique compared to other practices. Key words: Precision land leveling, productivity, profitibility, input use efficiency, permanent raised beds.
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The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Wide raised beds saved about 20.4% water relative to traditional flat beds.
- Treatment
- wide bedse0
- Outcome
- water savinge0
- Direction
- savinge0
- Value
- 20.4%e0
- Comparator
- traditional land leveling with flat beds plantinge1
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“about 20.4% (295.8 mm/ha for wide beds that is, 107 cm furrow centre gap) water saving”
t0“maize (Zea mays) wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
e1“with precision land leveling raised bed planting compared to traditional land leveling with flat beds planting.”
Claim · model-written summary
Narrow raised beds saved about 16.5% water relative to traditional flat beds.
- Treatment
- narrow bedse0
- Outcome
- water savinge1
- Direction
- savinge1
- Value
- 16.5%e0
- Comparator
- traditional land leveling with flat beds plantinge2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“about 16.5% (310.3 mm/ha for narrow beds that is, 37 cm furrow centre gap)”
e1“water saving”
t0“maize (Zea mays) wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
e2“with precision land leveling raised bed planting compared to traditional land leveling with flat beds planting.”
Claim · model-written summary
Precision leveling and raised beds increased wheat grain yield about 13.5%.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- precision land leveling raised bed plantinge1
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 13.5%e0
- Comparator
- traditional land leveling with flat beds plantinge1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“grain yield increase of about 13.5% (5.13 and 4.44 t/ha) for wheat crop”
e1“with precision land leveling raised bed planting compared to traditional land leveling with flat beds planting.”
Claim · model-written summary
Precision leveling and raised beds increased maize grain yield about 11.8%.
- Treatment
- precision land leveling raised bed plantinge2
- Outcome
- grain yielde1
- Direction
- increasee1
- Value
- 11.8%e0
- Comparator
- traditional land leveling with flat beds plantinge2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“11.8% (4.33 and 3.82 t/ha) for maize crop”
e1“grain yield increase”
e2“with precision land leveling raised bed planting compared to traditional land leveling with flat beds planting.”
Claim · model-written summary
Raised-bed precision leveling significantly improved nitrogen agronomic efficiency for maize.
- Treatment
- precision land leveling with raised bed planting techniquee1
- Outcome
- agronomic efficiency (AE) of Ne0
- Direction
- improvede1
- Comparator
- other practicese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The agronomic efficiency (AE) of N (23.4 and 30.4 kg grain/kg N for maize and wheat)”
e1“were significantly improved under precision land leveling with raised bed planting technique compared to other practices.”
Claim · model-written summary
Raised-bed precision leveling significantly improved nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uptake in maize.
- Treatment
- precision land leveling with raised bed planting techniquee1
- Outcome
- uptake of N, P and Ke0
- Direction
- improvede1
- Comparator
- other practicese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“uptake of N, P and K (103.85, 25.6 and 110.7 kg/ha for maize”
e1“were significantly improved under precision land leveling with raised bed planting technique compared to other practices.”
Claim · model-written summary
Raised-bed precision leveling significantly improved nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uptake in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- precision land leveling with raised bed planting techniquee2
- Outcome
- uptake of N, P and Ke1
- Direction
- improvede2
- Comparator
- other practicese2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“112.95, 19.49 and 112.96 kg/ha for wheat”
e1“uptake of N, P and K”
e2“were significantly improved under precision land leveling with raised bed planting technique compared to other practices.”
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