Abstract
Abstract Tolerance of carrot seeds ( Daucus carota L.) to heat treatments that could eradicate seedborne pathogens was investigated. Germination and emergence of seedlings from seeds treated in hot water at 35, 40, 45, 50, or 55C from 4 to 20 min were not affected, but seeds treated at 60C for 8 min or more were affected adversely. At 45 and 50C, treatment durations as long as 48 min did not affect emergence, but >20 min at 55C reduced emergence. Similar results were obtained when seeds were treated at the same temperatures in water containing 1.1% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCI). Emergence of seeds treated in hot water or 1.1% NaOCl and planted within 5 days generally was similar to that of treated seeds stored for 90 days at 20C in 60% RH before planting. Any existing differences were small and not clearly related to temperature–duration treatment combinations. Percent emergence from seeds of 19 out of 25 hybrid cultivars treated at 50C for 15 min was reduced by an average of 2.9%, but differences for untreated seeds ranged from −13.3% to +4.8%. Emergence from hot water-treated seeds was reduced after 6 weeks of storage at 70% and 80% RH, but not at 20% to 60% RH. Prolonged treatment and the higher temperatures were particularly effective in reducing populations of seedborne Alternaria dauci.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Hot-water treatments at 35–55C for 4–20 min did not affect carrot germination or emergence.
- Taxon
- Carrot
Daucus carotat0 - Treatment
- treated in hot water at 35, 40, 45, 50, or 55C from 4 to 20 mine0
- Outcome
- Germination and emergencee0
- Direction
- not affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Germination and emergence of seedlings from seeds treated in hot water at 35, 40, 45, 50, or 55C from 4 to 20 min were not affected”
t0“Carrot Seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatment at 60C for at least 8 min adversely affected carrot seeds.
- Taxon
- CarrotDaucus carotat0
- Treatment
- treated at 60C for 8 min or moree0
- Outcome
- seedse0
- Direction
- affected adverselye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seeds treated at 60C for 8 min or more were affected adversely”
t0“Carrot Seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatments at 45 and 50C for up to 48 min did not affect emergence.
- Taxon
- CarrotDaucus carotat0
- Treatment
- 45 and 50C, treatment durations as long as 48 mine0
- Outcome
- emergencee0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At 45 and 50C, treatment durations as long as 48 min did not affect emergence”
t0“Carrot Seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
More than 20 min at 55C reduced emergence.
- Taxon
- CarrotDaucus carotat0
- Treatment
- >20 min at 55Ce0
- Outcome
- emergencee0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“>20 min at 55C reduced emergence”
t0“Carrot Seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding 1.1% sodium hypochlorite to water gave similar heat-treatment results.
- Taxon
- CarrotDaucus carotat0
- Treatment
- water containing 1.1% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCI)e0
- Outcome
- Similar resultse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Similar results were obtained when seeds were treated at the same temperatures in water containing 1.1% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCI)”
t0“Carrot Seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Emergence was generally similar for seeds planted within 5 days and seeds stored 90 days before planting.
- Taxon
- CarrotDaucus carotat0
- Treatment
- planted within 5 dayse0
- Outcome
- Emergencee0
- Direction
- similare0
- Comparator
- treated seeds stored for 90 days at 20C in 60% RHe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Emergence of seeds treated in hot water or 1.1% NaOCl and planted within 5 days generally was similar to that of treated seeds stored for 90 days at 20C in 60% RH before planting”
t0“Carrot Seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
At 50C for 15 min, emergence in 19 of 25 hybrid cultivars fell by an average 2.9%.
- Taxon
- CarrotDaucus carotat0
- Material
- hybrid cultivarse0
- Treatment
- treated at 50C for 15 mine0
- Outcome
- Percent emergencee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 2.9%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Percent emergence from seeds of 19 out of 25 hybrid cultivars treated at 50C for 15 min was reduced by an average of 2.9%”
t0“Carrot Seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Untreated cultivar seed emergence differences ranged from −13.3% to +4.8%.
- Taxon
- CarrotDaucus carotat0
- Outcome
- differences for untreated seedse0
- Value
- −13.3% to +4.8%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“differences for untreated seeds ranged from −13.3% to +4.8%”
t0“Carrot Seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Storage at 70% and 80% RH for six weeks reduced emergence of hot-water-treated seeds.
- Taxon
- CarrotDaucus carotat0
- Treatment
- 6 weeks of storage at 70% and 80% RHe0
- Outcome
- Emergencee0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Emergence from hot water-treated seeds was reduced after 6 weeks of storage at 70% and 80% RH”
t0“Carrot Seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Storage at 20% to 60% RH did not reduce emergence of hot-water-treated seeds.
- Taxon
- CarrotDaucus carotat0
- Treatment
- 20% to 60% RHe0
- Outcome
- Emergencee0
- Direction
- note0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Emergence from hot water-treated seeds was reduced after 6 weeks of storage at 70% and 80% RH, but not at 20% to 60% RH”
t0“Carrot Seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Longer and hotter treatments particularly reduced seedborne Alternaria dauci populations.
- Taxon
- CarrotDaucus carotat0
- Treatment
- Prolonged treatment and the higher temperaturese0
- Interactor
- Alternaria dauciAlternaria daucie0pathogen
- Outcome
- populations of seedborne Alternaria daucie0
- Direction
- reducinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Prolonged treatment and the higher temperatures were particularly effective in reducing populations of seedborne Alternaria dauci”
t0“Carrot Seeds”
The same questions in other papers
heat · growth · Daucus carota (carrot)Results differ
8 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- negative
6 papers more in this group
See all 10 papers →storage · growth · Daucus carota (carrot)Positive and negative results
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
7 papers more in this group
See all 11 papers →humidity · growth · Daucus carota (carrot)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- no effect
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.