Abstract
Focus of pigeonpea pest management research has been on pod borer Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner), however with large-scale cultivation of transgenic cotton in Maharashtra, pest scenario has changed requiring more attention on pod fly. Pod fly Melanagromyza obtusa Malloch now has become important biotic constraint in increasing the production and productivity under subsistence farming conditions, irrespective of agroecological zones. The survey of Marathwada during 2007–08 revealed that the damage by pod fly ranged from 25.5 to 36% (Anonymous 2008). Hence, studies were carried out to assess and devise pest management module, which can go as a component of widely accepted Integrated Pest Management (IPM). Experimental result over twe years indicate Emamectin benzoate 5 SG in combination with Acetamiprid 20 SP or Dimethoate 30 EC gave higher grain yield of 1 399 and 1 392 kg/ha and lower pod fly grain damage (13.30 and 11.95%). Similarly, all the three biopesticide preparations (crude neem kernel seed extract (5%), neem oil (3 000 ppm) and Pongamia oil) gave higher grain yield in comparison to control. Among these biopesticides crude neem seed extract out performed others in terms of per cent increase in yield (31.28%). Maximum percentage increase in yield has been observed in mixed spray of emamectin benzoate and acetamiprid (64.22%), followed by emamectin and dimethoate (62.56%). Effectiveness of emamectin benzoate, which is based on green chemistry, will help in achieving less yield losses through reduction in H. armigera incidence. Similarly, use of crude neem extract or Pongamia oil will give an option for organically-grown pulse crop in reducing pod borer and pod fly infestation.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Emamectin benzoate 5 SG combined with Acetamiprid 20 SP gave higher grain yield of 1 399 kg/ha.
- Taxon
- pigeonpea
Cajanus cajant0 - Treatment
- Emamectin benzoate 5 SG in combination with Acetamiprid 20 SPe0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 1 399e0
- Qualifier
- over twe yearse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Experimental result over twe years indicate Emamectin benzoate 5 SG in combination with Acetamiprid 20 SP or Dimethoate 30 EC gave higher grain yield of 1 399 and 1 392 kg/ha and lower pod fly grain damage (13.30 and 11.95%).”
t0“pigeonpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Emamectin benzoate 5 SG combined with Dimethoate 30 EC gave higher grain yield of 1 392 kg/ha.
- Taxon
- pigeonpeaCajanus cajant0
- Treatment
- Emamectin benzoate 5 SGe0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 1 392 kg/hae0
- Qualifier
- Dimethoate 30 ECe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Experimental result over twe years indicate Emamectin benzoate 5 SG in combination with Acetamiprid 20 SP or Dimethoate 30 EC gave higher grain yield of 1 399 and 1 392 kg/ha and lower pod fly grain damage (13.30 and 11.95%).”
t0“pigeonpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Emamectin benzoate with acetamiprid lowered pod fly grain damage to 13.30%.
- Taxon
- pigeonpeaCajanus cajant0
- Treatment
- Emamectin benzoate 5 SG in combination with Acetamiprid 20 SPe0
- Interactor
- pod flye0pest
- Outcome
- pod fly grain damagee0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 13.30e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Experimental result over twe years indicate Emamectin benzoate 5 SG in combination with Acetamiprid 20 SP or Dimethoate 30 EC gave higher grain yield of 1 399 and 1 392 kg/ha and lower pod fly grain damage (13.30 and 11.95%).”
t0“pigeonpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Emamectin benzoate with dimethoate lowered pod fly grain damage to 11.95%.
- Taxon
- pigeonpeaCajanus cajant0
- Treatment
- Emamectin benzoate 5 SGe0
- Interactor
- pod flye0pest
- Outcome
- pod fly grain damagee0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 11.95%e0
- Qualifier
- Dimethoate 30 ECe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Experimental result over twe years indicate Emamectin benzoate 5 SG in combination with Acetamiprid 20 SP or Dimethoate 30 EC gave higher grain yield of 1 399 and 1 392 kg/ha and lower pod fly grain damage (13.30 and 11.95%).”
t0“pigeonpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Crude neem kernel seed extract (5%) gave higher grain yield than control.
- Taxon
- pigeonpeaCajanus cajant0
- Treatment
- crude neem kernel seed extract (5%)e0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Similarly, all the three biopesticide preparations (crude neem kernel seed extract (5%), neem oil (3 000 ppm) and Pongamia oil) gave higher grain yield in comparison to control.”
t0“pigeonpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Neem oil (3 000 ppm) gave higher grain yield than control.
- Taxon
- pigeonpeaCajanus cajant0
- Treatment
- neem oil (3 000 ppm)e0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Similarly, all the three biopesticide preparations (crude neem kernel seed extract (5%), neem oil (3 000 ppm) and Pongamia oil) gave higher grain yield in comparison to control.”
t0“pigeonpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Pongamia oil gave higher grain yield than control.
- Taxon
- pigeonpeaCajanus cajant0
- Treatment
- Pongamia oile0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Similarly, all the three biopesticide preparations (crude neem kernel seed extract (5%), neem oil (3 000 ppm) and Pongamia oil) gave higher grain yield in comparison to control.”
t0“pigeonpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Crude neem seed extract outperformed other biopesticides with a 31.28% yield increase.
- Taxon
- pigeonpeaCajanus cajant0
- Treatment
- crude neem seed extracte0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 31.28%e0
- Comparator
- otherse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among these biopesticides crude neem seed extract out performed others in terms of per cent increase in yield (31.28%).”
t0“pigeonpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Mixed emamectin benzoate and acetamiprid spray produced the maximum yield increase of 64.22%.
- Taxon
- pigeonpeaCajanus cajant0
- Treatment
- mixed spray of emamectin benzoate and acetamipride0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 64.22%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maximum percentage increase in yield has been observed in mixed spray of emamectin benzoate and acetamiprid (64.22%)”
t0“pigeonpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Emamectin and dimethoate produced a 62.56% yield increase, second to the acetamiprid mixture.
- Taxon
- pigeonpeaCajanus cajant0
- Treatment
- emamectin and dimethoatee0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 62.56%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maximum percentage increase in yield has been observed in mixed spray of emamectin benzoate and acetamiprid (64.22%), followed by emamectin and dimethoate (62.56%).”
t0“pigeonpea”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that emamectin benzoate will reduce yield losses by reducing H. armigera incidence.
- Taxon
- pigeonpeaCajanus cajant0
- Treatment
- emamectin benzoatee0
- Interactor
- H. armigera
_gusano_cogollero.png?width=60)
Helicoverpa armigerae0pest - Outcome
- less yield losses through reduction in H. armigera incidencee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_gusano_cogollero.png?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Effectiveness of emamectin benzoate, which is based on green chemistry, will help in achieving less yield losses through reduction in H. armigera incidence.”
t0“pigeonpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Crude neem extract is recommended as an organic pulse crop option to reduce pod borer and pod fly infestation.
- Taxon
- pigeonpeaCajanus cajant0
- Treatment
- crude neem extracte0
- Interactor
- pod borere0pest
- Second interactor
- pod flye0pest
- Outcome
- reducing pod borer and pod fly infestatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Similarly, use of crude neem extract or Pongamia oil will give an option for organically-grown pulse crop in reducing pod borer and pod fly infestation.”
t0“pigeonpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Pongamia oil is recommended as an organic pulse crop option to reduce pod borer and pod fly infestation.
- Taxon
- pigeonpeaCajanus cajant0
- Treatment
- Pongamia oile0
- Interactor
- pod borere0pest
- Second interactor
- pod flye0pest
- Outcome
- reducing pod borer and pod fly infestatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Similarly, use of crude neem extract or Pongamia oil will give an option for organically-grown pulse crop in reducing pod borer and pod fly infestation.”
t0“pigeonpea”
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