Abstract
It has been reported that parthenocarpic cucumbers with many female flowers and heavy fruit load often show fruit abortion and reduced fruit yield. To achieve the stable fruit production, it is necessary to elucidate the mechanism involved in fruit abortion in cucumbers via fruit load and endogenous plant hormones. In Exp. 1, the effects of exogenous plant growth regulators (PGRs) on yield and fruit growth were examined in a gynoecious, parthenocarpic cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). Four types of PGR [indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA), benzyl adenine (BA), and gibberellic acid (GA3)], which have been shown to enhance fruit growth in non-parthenocarpic cucumbers, were applied using lanolin paste to the peduncles at each node (6–25) of cucumber plants at anthesis. TIBA and BA applications significantly decreased the rate of fruit abortion, thereby increasing yield. IAA and GA3 treatments increased the rate of fruit abortion at the middle and upper nodes, thereby reducing fruit yield. In Exp. 2, to clarify whether PGRs affected the concentrations of endogenous plant hormones, and whether IAA of high concentration increased fruit abortion under low-fruit-load conditions, we applied these PGRs (two concentrations of IAA, BA, and TIBA) to cucumber plants bearing only one fruit at node 11 or 12. No fruit abortion occurred following any PGR or control treatment, although both IAA and BA treatments inhibited fruit growth. BA application increased the production of cytokinins (Z, ZR, iP, and iPR) to a level similar to that after TIBA application one day after anthesis. However, compared with the response to TIBA treatment, after BA treatment, the peak in endogenous cytokinin production occurred at an earlier stage of fruit development. Additionally, both IAA and TIBA treatments increased endogenous IAA and cytokinin concentrations in fruit. These results suggest that exogenous PGRs affect the overall concentration of PGRs, as well as that of other endogenous plant hormones. However, PGRs may not be associated with fruit abortion when the fruit load is low. In conclusion, fruit load may have a greater influence on fruit abortion than that of PGRs.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
TIBA significantly decreased the rate of fruit abortion in gynoecious parthenocarpic cucumber.
- Taxon
- Cucumber
Cucumis sativust0 - Material
- Gynoecious Parthenocarpict0
- Treatment
- TIBAe1
- Outcome
- rate of fruit abortione1
- Direction
- decreasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Gynoecious Parthenocarpic Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)”
e1“TIBA and BA applications significantly decreased the rate of fruit abortion”
Claim · model-written summary
BA significantly decreased the rate of fruit abortion in gynoecious parthenocarpic cucumber.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Material
- Gynoecious Parthenocarpict0
- Treatment
- BAe1
- Outcome
- rate of fruit abortione1
- Direction
- decreasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Gynoecious Parthenocarpic Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)”
e1“TIBA and BA applications significantly decreased the rate of fruit abortion”
Claim · model-written summary
TIBA application increased fruit yield of gynoecious parthenocarpic cucumber.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Material
- Gynoecious Parthenocarpict0
- Treatment
- TIBAe1
- Outcome
- yielde1
- Direction
- increasinge1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Gynoecious Parthenocarpic Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)”
e1“TIBA and BA applications significantly decreased the rate of fruit abortion, thereby increasing yield”
Claim · model-written summary
BA application increased fruit yield of gynoecious parthenocarpic cucumber.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Material
- Gynoecious Parthenocarpict0
- Treatment
- BAe1
- Outcome
- yielde1
- Direction
- increasinge1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Gynoecious Parthenocarpic Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)”
e1“TIBA and BA applications significantly decreased the rate of fruit abortion, thereby increasing yield”
Claim · model-written summary
IAA increased the rate of fruit abortion at the middle and upper nodes of cucumber.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Material
- Gynoecious Parthenocarpict0
- Organ / stage
- middle and upper nodese1
- Treatment
- IAAe1
- Outcome
- rate of fruit abortione1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Gynoecious Parthenocarpic Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)”
e1“IAA and GA3 treatments increased the rate of fruit abortion at the middle and upper nodes”
Claim · model-written summary
IAA reduced fruit yield of cucumber.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Material
- Gynoecious Parthenocarpict0
- Treatment
- IAAe1
- Outcome
- fruit yielde1
- Direction
- reducinge1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Gynoecious Parthenocarpic Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)”
e1“IAA and GA3 treatments increased the rate of fruit abortion at the middle and upper nodes, thereby reducing fruit yield”
Claim · model-written summary
GA3 increased the rate of fruit abortion at the middle and upper nodes of cucumber.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Material
- Gynoecious Parthenocarpict0
- Organ / stage
- middle and upper nodese1
- Treatment
- GA3e1
- Outcome
- rate of fruit abortione1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Gynoecious Parthenocarpic Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)”
e1“IAA and GA3 treatments increased the rate of fruit abortion at the middle and upper nodes”
Claim · model-written summary
GA3 reduced fruit yield of cucumber.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Material
- Gynoecious Parthenocarpict0
- Treatment
- GA3e1
- Outcome
- fruit yielde1
- Direction
- reducinge1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Gynoecious Parthenocarpic Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)”
e1“IAA and GA3 treatments increased the rate of fruit abortion at the middle and upper nodes, thereby reducing fruit yield”
Claim · model-written summary
No fruit abortion occurred in cucumber plants bearing one fruit after any PGR or control treatment.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Material
- Gynoecious Parthenocarpict0
- Treatment
- PGR or control treatmente1
- Outcome
- fruit abortione1
- Qualifier
- bearing only one fruit at node 11 or 12e2
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Gynoecious Parthenocarpic Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)”
e1“No fruit abortion occurred following any PGR or control treatment”
e2“cucumber plants bearing only one fruit at node 11 or 12”
Claim · model-written summary
IAA inhibited fruit growth in cucumber plants bearing one fruit.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Material
- Gynoecious Parthenocarpict0
- Treatment
- IAAe1
- Outcome
- fruit growthe1
- Direction
- inhibitede1
- Qualifier
- bearing only one fruit at node 11 or 12e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Gynoecious Parthenocarpic Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)”
e1“although both IAA and BA treatments inhibited fruit growth”
e2“cucumber plants bearing only one fruit at node 11 or 12”
Claim · model-written summary
BA inhibited fruit growth in cucumber plants bearing one fruit.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Material
- Gynoecious Parthenocarpict0
- Treatment
- BAe1
- Outcome
- fruit growthe1
- Direction
- inhibitede1
- Qualifier
- bearing only one fruit at node 11 or 12e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Gynoecious Parthenocarpic Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)”
e1“although both IAA and BA treatments inhibited fruit growth”
e2“cucumber plants bearing only one fruit at node 11 or 12”
Claim · model-written summary
BA application increased the production of cytokinins to a level similar to that after TIBA application one day after anthesis.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Material
- Gynoecious Parthenocarpict0
- Treatment
- BA applicatione1
- Outcome
- production of cytokininse1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Qualifier
- to a level similar to that after TIBA application one day after anthesise1
- Comparator
- TIBA applicatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Gynoecious Parthenocarpic Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)”
e1“BA application increased the production of cytokinins (Z, ZR, iP, and iPR) to a level similar to that after TIBA application one day after anthesis”
Claim · model-written summary
After BA treatment the peak in endogenous cytokinin production occurred at an earlier stage of fruit development than after TIBA treatment.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Material
- Gynoecious Parthenocarpict0
- Organ / stage
- fruit developmente1
- Treatment
- BA treatmente1
- Outcome
- peak in endogenous cytokinin productione1
- Direction
- earliere1
- Comparator
- TIBA treatmente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Gynoecious Parthenocarpic Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)”
e1“compared with the response to TIBA treatment, after BA treatment, the peak in endogenous cytokinin production occurred at an earlier stage of fruit development”
Claim · model-written summary
IAA treatment increased endogenous IAA and cytokinin concentrations in fruit.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Material
- Gynoecious Parthenocarpict0
- Organ / stage
- fruite1
- Treatment
- IAAe1
- Outcome
- endogenous IAA and cytokinin concentrationse1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Gynoecious Parthenocarpic Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)”
e1“both IAA and TIBA treatments increased endogenous IAA and cytokinin concentrations in fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
TIBA treatment increased endogenous IAA and cytokinin concentrations in fruit.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Material
- Gynoecious Parthenocarpict0
- Organ / stage
- fruite1
- Treatment
- TIBAe1
- Outcome
- endogenous IAA and cytokinin concentrationse1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Gynoecious Parthenocarpic Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)”
e1“both IAA and TIBA treatments increased endogenous IAA and cytokinin concentrations in fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Fruit load may have a greater influence on fruit abortion in cucumber than PGRs.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- fruit loade1
- Outcome
- fruit abortione1
- Direction
- greater influencee1
- Comparator
- PGRse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Gynoecious Parthenocarpic Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)”
e1“In conclusion, fruit load may have a greater influence on fruit abortion than that of PGRs”
Claim · model-written summary
PGRs may not be associated with fruit abortion in cucumber when fruit load is low.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- PGRse1
- Outcome
- fruit abortione1
- Qualifier
- when the fruit load is lowe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Gynoecious Parthenocarpic Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)”
e1“However, PGRs may not be associated with fruit abortion when the fruit load is low”
The same questions in other papers
indole-3-acetic acid · growth · Cucumis sativus (cucumber)Results differ
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 12 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
12 papers more in this group
See all 16 papers →N-benzyladenine · growth · Cucumis sativus (cucumber)Results differ
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 30 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
30 papers more in this group
See all 34 papers →indole-3-acetic acid · yield · Cucumis sativus (cucumber)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
N-benzyladenine · yield · Cucumis sativus (cucumber)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid · yield · Cucumis sativus (cucumber)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.