Abstract
Recently, it was demonstrated that nitric oxide (NO) and cGMP are involved in the auxin response during the adventitious rooting process in cucumber (Cucumis sativus; Pagnussat et al., 2002, 2003). However, not much is known about the complex molecular network operating during the cell proliferation and morphogenesis triggered by auxins and NO in that process. Anatomical studies showed that formation of adventitious root primordia was clearly detected in indole acetic acid (IAA)- and NO-treated cucumber explants, while neither cell proliferation nor differentiation into root primordia could be observed in control explants 3 d after primary root was removed. In order to go further with signal transduction mechanisms that operate during IAA- and NO-induced adventitious root formation, experiments were designed to test the involvement of a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade in that process. Cucumber explants were treated with the NO-donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) or with SNP plus the specific NO-scavenger cPTIO. Protein extracts from those explants were assayed for protein kinase (PK) activity by using myelin basic protein (MBP) as substrate in both in vitro and in-gel assays. The activation of a PK of approximately 48 kD could be detected 1 d after NO treatment with a maximal activation after 3 d of treatment. In control explants, a PK activity was detected only after 4 d of treatment. The MBP-kinase activity was also detected in extracts from IAA-treated explants, while no signal was observed in IAA + cPTIO treatments. The PK activity could be inhibited by the cell-permeable MAPK kinase inhibitor PD098059, suggesting that the NO-dependent MBP-kinase activity is a MAPK. Furthermore, when PD098059 was administered to explants treated with SNP or IAA, it produced a delay in root emergence and a dose-dependent reduction in root number. Altogether, our results suggest that a MAPK signaling cascade is activated during the adventitious rooting process induced by IAA in a NO-mediated but cGMP-independent pathway. The activation of MAPKs is discussed in relation to the cell responses modulating mitotic process.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
NO treatment activated a protein kinase of about 48 kD, detected 1 d after treatment and maximal after 3 d.
- Taxon
- cucumber
Cucumis sativuse0 - Treatment
- NO treatmente1
- Outcome
- activation of a PKe1
- Value
- approximately 48 kDe1
- Qualifier
- with a maximal activation after 3 d of treatmente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cucumber explants were treated with the NO-donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP)”
e1“The activation of a PK of approximately 48 kD could be detected 1 d after NO treatment with a maximal activation after 3 d of treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
In control explants, protein kinase activity was detected only after 4 d of treatment.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse0
- Outcome
- PK activitye2
- Value
- 4 de2
- Qualifier
- in control explantse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cucumber explants were treated with the NO-donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP)”
e2“In control explants, a PK activity was detected only after 4 d of treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
MBP-kinase activity was detected in IAA-treated explants.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- IAAe3
- Outcome
- MBP-kinase activitye3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cucumber explants were treated with the NO-donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP)”
e3“The MBP-kinase activity was also detected in extracts from IAA-treated explants, while no signal was observed in IAA + cPTIO treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
No MBP-kinase signal was observed in IAA plus cPTIO treatments.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- IAA + cPTIOe3
- Outcome
- signale3
- Qualifier
- no signal was observede3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cucumber explants were treated with the NO-donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP)”
e3“The MBP-kinase activity was also detected in extracts from IAA-treated explants, while no signal was observed in IAA + cPTIO treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
The NO-dependent MBP-kinase activity is suggested to be a MAPK, based on inhibition of PK activity by PD098059.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse0
- Compound
- PD098059e4
- Outcome
- NO-dependent MBP-kinase activity is a MAPKe4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cucumber explants were treated with the NO-donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP)”
e4“The PK activity could be inhibited by the cell-permeable MAPK kinase inhibitor PD098059, suggesting that the NO-dependent MBP-kinase activity is a MAPK”
Claim · model-written summary
PD098059 delayed root emergence in explants treated with SNP or IAA.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- PD098059e5
- Outcome
- root emergencee5
- Direction
- delaye5
- Qualifier
- explants treated with SNP or IAAe5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cucumber explants were treated with the NO-donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP)”
e5“Furthermore, when PD098059 was administered to explants treated with SNP or IAA, it produced a delay in root emergence and a dose-dependent reduction in root number”
Claim · model-written summary
PD098059 reduced root number in a dose-dependent manner.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- PD098059e5
- Outcome
- root numbere5
- Direction
- reductione5
- Qualifier
- dose-dependente5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cucumber explants were treated with the NO-donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP)”
e5“Furthermore, when PD098059 was administered to explants treated with SNP or IAA, it produced a delay in root emergence and a dose-dependent reduction in root number”
Claim · model-written summary
A MAPK signaling cascade is suggested to be activated during IAA-induced adventitious rooting through an NO-mediated, cGMP-independent pathway.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- IAAe6
- Outcome
- a MAPK signaling cascade is activated during the adventitious rooting process induced by IAAe6
- Qualifier
- in a NO-mediated but cGMP-independent pathwaye6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cucumber explants were treated with the NO-donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP)”
e6“Altogether, our results suggest that a MAPK signaling cascade is activated during the adventitious rooting process induced by IAA in a NO-mediated but cGMP-independent pathway”
Claim · model-written summary
IAA- and NO-treated cucumber explants formed adventitious root primordia, whereas control explants did not.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- indole acetic acid (IAA)- and NO-treatede7
- Outcome
- formation of adventitious root primordiae7
- Comparator
- control explantse7
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cucumber explants were treated with the NO-donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP)”
e7“formation of adventitious root primordia was clearly detected in indole acetic acid (IAA)- and NO-treated cucumber explants, while neither cell proliferation nor differentiation into root primordia could be observed in control explants”
The same questions in other papers
indole-3-acetic acid · growth · Cucumis sativus (cucumber)Results differ
11 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
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See all 16 papers →nitric oxide · growth · Cucumis sativus (cucumber)Positive and negative results
8 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- negative
9 papers more in this group
See all 13 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.